Overheating of the computer or its individual components can cause various problems and system crashes: the OS periodically slows down, freezes, strange graphic artifacts are displayed on the screen, unplanned reboots occur, which may be accompanied by a blue “screen of death”.
In most cases, the symptoms listed above indicate that the computer is overheating. To solve this problem, the user first needs to understand what is causing the overheating.
Causes of overheating of the computer and their elimination
Gone are the days when overheating of one or another component led, in most cases, to its ignition. However, overheating is still one of the main reasons for reducing the life and failure of the components of the system unit. There can be several reasons, here are some.
Pollution of the system unit.
Pollution of the system unit is perhaps the most common cause of overheating of components. Cooling systems are a real magnet for dust, which settles on them in an impressive layer and interferes with normal heat dissipation.
This is especially true for budget buildings, which are almost completely devoid of protection from dust in the form of special filters.
Not all users are in a hurry to disassemble their system unit, wipe it from dust and clean the cooling system. However, it is simply necessary to do this, because such a simple procedure will significantly reduce the risk of failure of any component due to overheating.
The cleaning procedure is quite simple.
After opening the cover of the system unit, remove the following components - a video card, a processor with a cooler and case fans, disconnect the wires.
Remove dust from the remaining hardware in the block. A small brush is best suited for this purpose, with which you can easily remove the accumulated debris from the corners.
Radiators are easiest to clean with a can of compressed air (you can buy these at almost any computer store).
After making sure that all surfaces are free of dust, you can return all components to their place.
This procedure is best done outdoors or, for example, on a balcony.
Attention! Using a conventional vacuum cleaner to clean the body is not recommended. In any case, in blowing mode. Computer parts quite fragile. It is very easy to cause mechanical damage, which is fraught with additional costs.
Drying out or improper application of thermal paste.
Drying out of the thermal paste causes the processor to heat up more often, it automatically reduces its clock frequency, and hence performance drops. An excess of paste is not desirable. If you smear the surfaces of a heatsink or processor especially generously, then you can achieve the opposite effect - heat transfer will decrease.
Proper application of thermal paste means spreading it evenly with a thin layer. You can do this with your finger (as shown in the picture), but a plastic card (for example, a business card) is best for the implementation of the task.
When the paste is applied, press it against the processor, and remove the residue that has crawled out on the sides. Everything, nothing complicated. Which thermal paste is better to choose and how to change it is described in one of the previous articles. I recommend that you familiarize yourself with it.
Insufficient capacity of cooling systems.
A typical situation - a person buys new computer in autumn or winter, he uses it for a while, but then, when the hot season comes, problems with overheating suddenly begin. Most often, processors with standard (included in the basic kit) cooling overheat.
A successful (efficient) boxed cooler is quite rare. Now there are quite a lot of high-quality and inexpensive (600-800 rubles) solutions on the market from DeepCool, Zalman and other manufacturers.
If you can't upgrade right away, take simple steps to reduce overheating. After all, it is capable of harming components, which will lead to even greater expenses.
1) Install the SpeedFan program on your computer, which allows you to monitor the temperature in the system unit, as well as control the fan speed. If the coolers are only running at half their capacity, turn up the speed.
2) Work at the computer while open lid system unit - this will improve the flow of cold air and the return of hot.
3) Remove the system unit from possible heat sources (battery, sun).
3) Reduce settings in resource-intensive applications and games. All these shadows High Quality, particles and detailed models significantly load iron. Graphics cards and processors loaded at 100% generate much more heat.
The quality of cooling is affected not only by the cooling system itself, but also by the correct location in the system unit. Make sure the system unit coolers are installed correctly. As a rule, 1-2 fans are installed on the front wall of the case to blow in a cold stream, on the back and top covers - to blow out warm air.
Overclocking of components and incorrect BIOS settings.
Very often, lovers of using the “untapped potential” of their hardware become victims of overheating. They go to Overclockers or other similar forums, read reports written by professionals in this field, and then try to repeat. Usually, it all comes down to an uncontrolled increase in the processor multiplier. They are unlikely to feel a significant increase in performance, but overheating is easy.
Fortunately, modern processors and video cards are equipped with overheating protection mechanisms, so it will be quite difficult to burn them. When the temperature reaches a critical point, the computer will automatically restart.
To return it to a working state, you will have to roll back the changes. The BIOS has a special button for this, which allows you to return to the default settings.
Errors in the selection of components.
When deciding to build your own system, keep the important condition- it must be balanced. You can use special online assemblers (PC Configurator) and calculators for calculating the required power of the power supply.
As an example:
— http://www.regard.ru/cfg
— https://ru.msi.com/calculator
No need to save on such important parts as the motherboard and a good power supply. A frankly budget motherboard and a weak power supply may well lead to regular overheating of components with their subsequent failure.
Any specialist knows how big the difference between the declared power of the power supply and its real value can be. 500W of an unknown Chinese company is by no means equal to 500W of a trusted manufacturer. Otherwise, there would be no two-fold spread in the price.
Conclusion
Overheating of the computer and its components is a rather serious problem, which at best will remind you of itself at the time of slowing down the system, at worst it will disable expensive hardware.
The best way to deal with overheating is to prevent it. If you assemble a competent and balanced system, clean the system unit and thermal paste in a timely manner, and do not stumble into experiments with overclocking, then you can protect your PC from slowdowns, reboots, blue screens and other troubles.
If you are building a computer and looking for the best prices for components, then option number one - computeruniverse.com. Time-tested German store. Coupon for 5% euro discount — FWXENXI. Happy assembly!
The causes of overheating of the processor, the possible consequences and ways to fix this problem - that's what we'll talk about. But first, some lyrics.
Any device generates heat during operation, as the notorious Malysheva said: “this is the norm!” hmm .. but what do you mean by the norm for the processor? For example, the popular line of Athlons from 2003-2004 could reach 80°-90° feeling great, while for 4 hemp it was almost certain death. Therefore, you should not sound the alarm if the same Everest showed “terrible” numbers, beyond 60 °, 70 °, or even 80 °. After all
Each processor has its own critical temperatures, you can find out their exact values on the manufacturer's website. And without knowing these values, how can you assume that the CPU is overheating? - NO.
But here is the nuance: should be distinguished workers And peak temperature
Yes, the manufacturer can declare that our processor normally tolerates such ( substitute your) temperature. Okay, but it's one thing to endure, and another thing is to ALWAYS work under such a temper. The conclusion is: t ° CPU in idle should be at least 30-40% lower than the declared-peak. This will save your processor for years to come.
With the theory finished, let's move on to the main thing.
The main causes of processor overheating
1. Good old ... dust
When wondering “why is my processor getting hot” ask yourself: how long ago was the last time I dusted my computer? Remove it from the cooler, radiator grille and a positive result will not keep you waiting.
2. Incorrectly applied thermal paste.
A bit of theory: the heatsink sole is in contact with the processor chipset, these surfaces, no matter how smooth they may seem, have recesses and irregularities that are invisible to the eye, as a result of which a kind of “air” cushion is formed between the processor and the heatsink.
It is removed by a layer of thermal paste. For this reason, it should be applied in a thin, even layer over the entire area where there is contact.
3. Dried thermal paste.
Over time, it tends to dry out, losing its properties. (several years at least)
Or, it was initially of poor quality (one time I heard this about alsila)
And it also has certain threshold values, the excess of which dries it almost instantly. (I recommend KPT-8)
4. Lack of general ventilation
Where should the heat removed from the processor go, m? If there is no “gentleman's” set - two coolers - one for blowing in, the other for blowing out, all the heat will continue to spin in the system unit. In case of overheating of the laptop processor, this is described in a separate article, however: do not bet on soft, and buy cool. stand is the main thing.
5. Illiterate overclocking
Those. acceleration. Yes, I agree, this increases performance, but skilled overclockers will never do this without a powerful cooling system. The standard fan (purchased with a processor) is not able to withstand normal overclocking.
Often, users encounter a problem when computer processor overheating. What to do in such a situation? As a rule, the most reliable option is to turn to the master for help. In case the master could not come or you just want to save on repairs, then this article is for you.
The processor on the computer is heating up. What to do?
Open the cover of the system unit and find the processor cooling system there. As a rule, the first thing that catches your eye is a radiator with a fan in the most prominent place.
Dust cleaning
Inspect the radiator for clogging with dust.
Upon detection, carefully remove the dust in any way that comes to your mind. It is advisable to remove the fan and clean the radiator with a brush until it is in perfect condition, but this is not always easy to do. When the fan is not fastened with screws, but is fastened in a different way, then in inept hands, removing the fan becomes a whole problem. In this case, you can get large clumps of dust with a toothpick without removing the fan.
After you remove the dust from the radiator, you will need to turn on the computer and run the test, as written in the article - Check the temperature of the processor and video card.
In most cases, removing dust from the processor heatsink solves the problem of overheating, but not always. If after cleaning, the processor still shows an increased temperature in the load, then proceed to the next step - replacing the thermal paste.
Replacing thermal paste
To change the thermal paste, you need to remove the heatsink, remove the old thermal paste and then apply a new one. To do this, you need to get thermal paste in advance. So let's get started.
There are two common types of mounting a heatsink to a motherboard: for AMD processors And Intel processors. AMD uses a lever mount and Intel uses a 4-clip mount.
Sometimes you can find a radiator that is fastened with screws. Everything is simple, unscrew the screws, remove the radiator.
Remove the heatsink from the motherboard. Using a dry rag or wipes, remove the old thermal paste from the processor and heatsink. Then thin layer you need to apply new thermal paste, and then put the radiator back on. Don't forget to connect the fan power to the motherboard.
Ready! We turn on the computer again and run a test to check the temperature in the load. If this time the temperature exceeds the permissible limit, you will have to turn to the master for help. Your processor may be damaged.
The situation is the following. I was ripe for an upgrade, took advantage of a promotion in a computer store, took a lot of things in installments. Including:
- maternal ASUS board Socket-AM3+ SABERTOOTH 990FX
- processor AMD FX-8150 3.6GHz 16Mb DDR3-1866 Socket-AM3+ OEM
- Gigabyte graphics card GeForce GTX 670 2048MB 256bit GDDR5
Remaining from the old configuration:
- Cooler IceHammer IH-4500 (Al+Cu, copper base, 1000-2000rpm 15-25dBA)
- memory 2 * Patriot PC3-12800 / DDR-III / 4Gb / 1600MHz
The new configuration is built and running. This is not the first time I have done this, so everything happened quite quickly and relatively professionally. It is an art to lay the wiring in the case, so with each attempt I become more and more skillful. It would seem that it's time to bang a bottle of champagne on the system unit, since it is made of good material and will withstand the blow. But it was not there. I have a habit (and rightly so) to run a temperature test every time I build a PC. It doesn't matter where - BIOS is it or already installed system. Sample times, fan noise, running heavy applications, and temperature readings can tell us a lot about our build. And once again I am convinced how cheap ready-made assemblies from stores are bad in this regard.
But let's not digress. In general, the temperature of my processor is somehow suspiciously strange:
For AMD processors of the old generation, temperatures of 60-70 degrees are in the order of things. But we are in the age of nanotechnology, so such temperatures are already considered huge. On the screenshot of the HWMonitor64bit program, you can see that the processor temperature has reached 47. It would seem nothing of the sort, but this is practically a simple computer. Without thinking twice, I ran an AIDA64 processor stress test. Unfortunately, a snapshot of that process has not been preserved, but take my word for it - in 20 minutes the temperature rose and continued to rise after 57 degrees. At the same time, in the manual fan speed controller on the IceHammer IH-4500, I set the pace a little more: from 950 to 1250 rpm. I didn’t want to make more turns, because. noise appears. My processor is not overclocked, so I will not increase the rotation rate out of principle. Based on the description of my processor on the manufacturer's website, it is clear that critical temperature+61 degrees. Then the test stopped and began to think and write on the forums.
Thinking about a decision
So, there is a processor, which, by definition, should not get very hot. There is a cooler that is not a high-end product, but still has 5 heat pipes, a huge heatsink with quiet fan. It begs several options:
- Bad thermal paste. I don't remember the model, but I think I used a simple CoolerMaster that came with some old cooler. I have always neglected thermal paste, believing that it does not play a big role. The one that comes with the kit will be enough. In most cases, it is. But in my case, it was not there, so I smeared it with the one that was at hand. Let's change the thermal paste.
- Poorly fixed the cooler itself to the motherboard. It may very well be that later on you will see that this was the case. Let's check the mount.
- Weak cooler. This is unlikely, but I am “ripe” to buy a new one, especially since IceHammer will come in handy for me old system. We will buy and install a new one.
Given
Remember chemistry lessons? Here we are now writing the conditions of the problem. There is a system block:
Cooling in the case is configured more or less. The turntables are everywhere: 1 pc at 120 mm at the back, 2 pcs at 92 mm at the back on the side, 1 pc at 92 mm at the front on the side wall:
... which is connected to a special adapter to reduce speed:
Our task is to replace the cooler. Now everything looks like this:
All good and powerful coolers are always installed by completely unwinding the motherboard. The native mounts that are on the motherboard are unscrewed and installed, which come with the cooler. To do this, you need to extract motherboard from the body. To do this, we free it from the “load”: we take out pieces of iron and various cables.
After I removed the entire structure, I begin to look. We check the fastenings, the second point of my guesses. Downstairs everything seems to be fine. Red gaskets create a sealing effect. Everything seems to be fine so far:
I'm looking at the front. I don't see gaps. It seems that everything is fine too:
But on the other hand, it looks like this:
That's where the dog is buried. Now the big picture is emerging: when installing a new platform, I made a mistake. Namely, I did not check the tightness of the structure. Those. The platform on which the cooler stands on one side was slightly higher than on the other. As a result, a microgap arose, which affected the temperature of the processor. I'm taking down the whole structure.
Cooler replacement
Since I decided to change the cooler, I ask a question on the forum. There are many offers. Almost all are eliminated due to the fact that many coolers are simply not available. It turns out that hard work is the search for the optimal cooler. Slightly cut the budget. As a result of a private conversation with the Wild Goblin, I stop looking at Deepcool Frostwin.
Normal box, nothing special. Inside is thermal paste (I could not read the marking) and a set of all kinds of fasteners, among which there are AM2 / AM3. There is also an instruction.
As we can see, there are only 4 heat pipes on the cooler versus 5 on the former IceHammer. Well, let's bet on a new radiator system, including 2 quiet coolers.
Next is the matter of technology. We collect everything according to the instructions. By the way, it is easier to assemble than on the old one. Much is provided for the convenience of the user. I applied the thermal paste that came with the kit. Although it was necessary to play it safe and buy a better one. But I'm not going to overclock in the near future, so it should be more than enough. This procedure did not take long. We get the output:
The dimensions are impressive:
The computer is almost complete. In other words, the upgrade is complete.
Testing a new cooling system.
The first thing I do is run a stress test. I drive 20 minutes. We get the following results:
conclusions
Many computer users often face the problem of overheating of the computer. The problem is accompanied by a sharp decrease in PC performance, freezing during certain processes, and in some cases protection is triggered and the computer simply turns off. Why this happens and how to deal with these phenomena will be discussed in this publication.
Why does the computer turn off during work
There are five main reasons why a computer shuts down spontaneously.
- Overheating of the processor and video adapter.
- Consequence of a virus attack.
- Conflict software with the operating system.
- PC power supply failure.
- Problems with RAM or motherboard.
If we discard the activity of viruses, since almost every PC has a modern one, then the most common problem stopping the PC is overheating of its components and a malfunction of the power supply unit.
The operation of the power supply can be checked by measuring the voltage at the connectors. Most often, the power of the PSU does not match the equipment installed on the PC, and with increased load, it simply cannot cope with its duties. There is only one recipe - to replace the PSU with a more powerful one.
To understand why a computer overheats, you should first deal with its cooling system.
PC cooling system
The figure shows the natural movement of cold and heated air in the system unit. As you can see, such a system creates a fairly powerful draft inside the “system unit”: cold air flows around the video card, creates turbulence near the processor and exits through the back and top of the case, removing excess heat outside the case.
In some models, the cooling system looks different: several powerful fans suck cold air into the system unit, creating a high-pressure area there and pushing the heated air out through natural openings in the case.
Conclusion No. 1: If the paths of approach to the system unit of the cooled air flows are blocked or the paths for the output of heated air from the PC are blocked, then the computer overheats and turns off, thanks to the built-in protection on the motherboard.
Processor cooling system
Some high-performance PC systems get quite hot during operation, and the higher the load on them, the more heat. First of all, this is said about the central processor and the chip on the video adapter. That is why the manufacturers of these elements initially provide for them individual cooling systems, such as radiators, which effectively dissipate the heat generated during operation in the air, and coolers (fans) that blow over the radiator itself.
A typical CPU cooling system looks like the one shown in the picture. But most modern manufacturers are improving the design of cooling systems, which may look quite fantastic, nevertheless, effectively solving the problem of cooling high-performance devices.
A good processor cooling system is most often made of copper, since its thermal conductivity is much higher than that of aluminum. High heat dissipation rates are shown by modern tower-type coolers.
interfere with the removal of excess heat from CPU, which heats up during operation, can be hampered not only by the poor location of the “system unit”, but also by the banal dust inside the cooling radiators. Closing the slots of the radiators, dust interferes with air convection, and sticking to the fan blades, it sharply reduces the frequency of their rotation, thereby reducing cooling.
Conclusion No. 2: If the computer has a poor CPU cooling system, or it simply failed, then the processor overheats and the computer turns off, thanks to the built-in protection of the CPU itself. This measure helps to prevent the failure of the most expensive part of the PC - the central processing unit.
Video adapter cooling system
As for modern discrete video cards, the chip also gets very hot with increasing load on it. As a rule, this happens when running resource-intensive applications or games that require serious graphics processing. Manufacturers of such equipment equip video adapters with a powerful cooling system, which is not without the same problems as CPU coolers - radiator contamination and fan failure.
Conclusion No. 3: If the video adapter fails or is not cooled enough, the chip overheats, as a result of which, internal protection is triggered, which instructs the BIOS to turn off the PC.
Methods for dealing with overheating of PC components
From the conclusions drawn above, it follows that overheating of the main components of the PC can occur due to failure of the fans and irregular cleaning of the inside of the system unit from dust.
- The first thing to do is to de-energize the system unit by disconnecting it from the mains.
- Remove the side cover of the system unit by unscrewing the bolts in its back.
- Connect the power and turn on the computer, visually checking the condition and operation of the fans. In case of failure of the cooler - replace it.
- In case of general dustiness, PC components, cooling radiators and fan blades, clean them with a soft brush and a vacuum cleaner, after turning off the PC and disconnecting the power cord from the mains.
After carrying out all the operations, you should connect the PC to a 220 V network, boot up and test the temperature of the processor and video adapter. This can be done using one of the utilities: CoreTemp; speedfan; or by downloading the paid diagnostic package Everest. .
But we should not forget that if your PC is more than one year old, but the central and GPU subjected to regular “tests”, in terms of elevated temperatures, the cause of their overheating can be a corny dried-up thermal paste between the cooling radiator and the chip case.
To replace the paste yourself, you need to perform a few simple steps:
- Disconnect the system unit from the mains voltage.
- Remove the latch or unscrew the fasteners of the cooling system from the CPU and disconnect the power wires from the motherboard.
- Using a soft cloth, remove the old layer of thermal paste from the processor case and heatsink, being careful not to leave scratches on them, which reduce thermal conductivity, forming air gaps.
- After cleaning, apply new layer pastes. To do this, put the paste in the center of the CPU, the amount is no more than a pea. After, with the help plastic card, stretch the paste evenly around the entire perimeter of the processor to make a layer of about half a millimeter.
- With light pressure, you should install the cooling system as evenly as possible on the processor.
- Snap or screw the fasteners and connect the wires to the board.
CPU temperature when running certain games and graphic applications can reach 70 ° C, although this is not normal. normal temperature CPU should range from 40 C° to 55 C°.
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