Historically, the process of installing packages differs significantly across different distributions. And the installation packages themselves have different formats. This article will be useful for users of the Fedora distribution (Source).
In older versions of Linux (based on Red Hat), there were only two ways to install programs. This is a build from source code and installation from RPM packages. Let's look at each method in more detail.
Source codes are downloaded from the program website. In general, to install you need to unpack and run 3 commands: configure make And make install. The first command has a lot of parameters (you can list them by running configure -help), such as the program installation path, paths to various libraries and many others. After successful completion of the first stage, you need to run the command make. She will compile source codes into binary files. If the compilation was successful, then the last command will copy the compiled files to their directories. The advantage of this installation method is, firstly, that 99% of all open source– programs are distributed in source code, and the RPM package is the desired program may not be (now, however, the RPM format has become very widespread and almost all developers are trying to create packages in this format). Secondly, you can always edit the source code of the installed program, correcting the error or making the necessary changes. There is only one minus - to use this method you need to know the c/c++ programming language and OS architecture. Therefore, not everyone can use this method, especially if any errors occur.
Installation from an RPM package is done like this: you need to download the RPM package and run just one command: rpm -Uvh ./packet_name.rpm(Where packet_name– package file name). This method is not only much simpler, but also faster, since the program is already compiled in the package (compiling the program can take quite a lot of time, depending on the power of your computer). However, the method is also not ideal, since it often happens that for its installation a program requires that some other packages also be installed (for example, with the necessary libraries) - so-called dependencies appear. If a program requires one library, that’s okay, but the program may require 10 or more libraries, each of which, in turn, may also require the installation of libraries. Therefore, the installation time of the program may take a long time.
However, in recent versions of Fedora, with the advent of a console utility like yum, installing programs is very pleasant. To do this, you just need to type the command in the console: yum install name(Where name– name of the program to install). Not only that yum She will download the required package from the Internet and install the program; she will also download and install all the programs required for this. If you don't like using the console, in KDE, for example, run the program from the menu System / Installation / Uninstallation programs and install the program using GUI.
After the installation of Fedora 24 Workstation has been successfully completed, it is not yet ready for full operation. Despite the fact that the distribution developers have already configured many programs for working with documents, media and file system, there are still a few things left that are not in the distribution out of the box.
In this article, we will look at the most important steps after installing Fedora 24. Only after completing all these steps will your system be completely ready for use. This list can be continued indefinitely, but we will consider only the most important.
1. Complete system update
You may think it doesn't matter. But since the system was released, some problems may have already been discovered and fixes have been developed for them. New versions of programs could also be released. Therefore, we update the system to the latest version:
2. Setting up the computer name
In order to configure the computer name that will be displayed in the terminal and other programs, we will use the hostnamectl utility. It can set hostnames different types. To view the current hostname type:
You can change the hostname with the following command:
hostnamectl set-hostname "losst"
3. Setting up a static IP address
Servers very often use static IP addresses. One of the first things you need to do after installing fedora is to set up your network. If this is your option, open and edit the eth0 or enp2s0 configuration file in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ folder:
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
Here are the settings you need to add:
- BOOTPROTO- protocol for obtaining an address, we need static
- ONBOOT- automatic connection
- IPADDR- the IP address you need
- NETMASK- your network mask
- GATEWAY- the gateway through which the computer will access the Internet
- DNS1- DNS, with which you need to resolve domain names.
For example, it could be this configuration:
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=202.88.131.90
DNS2=202.88.131.89
To apply the changes, restart network services:
systemctl restart network.service
To view the changes you can use the command:
4. Add RPMFusion repository
Setting up fedora after installation should include setting up additional repositories. Some packages are not in the official RHEL and Fedora repositories. But you can install these packages from the RPMFusion repository. There are both proprietary and free packages here. To add a repository, run the command:
sudo rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-24.noarch.rpm
5. Install Gnome Tweak
By default, the Gnome desktop environment may not look the way we would like it to. The GNOME Tweak utility will help you configure many settings appearance Fedora 24, panel, desktop space and more.
You can install it by opening the Application Center, searching for Gnome Tweak and clicking the Install button:
6. Connect online accounts
Fedora 24 allows you to access online accounts directly from the system. You can configure them during installation. But if you haven’t done this, you can always do this in the settings, on the Personal tab, online accounts:
7. Installing Gnome extensions
Gnome Shell allows you to install extensions to make your system easier to set up and manage.
Then install with the command:
rpm install teamviewer.rpm
conclusions
This is far from all the actions that need to be done after installing Fedora 24, but the main thing is collected here. If anything was missed, write in the comments.
What to do after installing Fedora 21 - setup guide
Operating system download and installation process Fedora 21 does not cause difficulties for the majority of interested users and IT specialists, however, it will be described in a separate article for the “smallest” and beginners.
It is worth noting that in this OS family Linux a large number of changes are used and updated applications. A freshly installed system does notperfect fit for daily use. Now let's set up Fedora 21, namely the most basic and basic operations to get a more polished desktop.
System update
The very first thing you need to do before setting up the operating system and installing programs is to update the system; I recommend performing this operation from command line(terminal):
Adding the RPM Fusion Repository
Enabling additional RPM Fusion repositories is necessary to install various applications, codecs, etc., i.e. software that is not available from official sources due to licensing agreements. At the same time, packages and programs are stable and of high quality. To add new repositories to the system, run the command:
su -c 'yum localinstall —nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/ nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm'
Installing plugins and basic programs
- Plugins for playing media files:
sudo yum install gstreamer1-plugins-good gstreamer1-plugins-good-extras gstreamer1-plugins-ugly gstreamer1-plugins-base gstreamer1-plugsins-base-tools gstreamer1-plugins-bad-freeworld gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free gstreamer1-plugins- bad-free-extra gstreamer1-libav
- Installing the unrar archiver:
yum install unrar p7zip p7zip-plugins
- Installing the plugin Adobe Flash Player consists of several steps:
sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
Import the key:
sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
We install the plugin:
sudo yum install flash-plugin
Media
- Installation VLC Media Player:
- Installation music player Audacious:
sudo yum install audacious
- Installing the Audacity music editor:
sudo yum install audacity
- Installing Gnome Music Player:
sudo yum install gnome-music
Browsers
Taste and color - all browsers are different, I will present to your attention the installation process of the most popular browsers in the Fedora 21 OS. By default, Mozilla Firefox is used.
- Installation latest version Google Chrome consists of several stages, first we install the repositories (the source for obtaining packages and programs):
sudo gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/google-chrome.repo
Next in enter the following text in the text editor, which will be opened after entering the specified command:
name=google-chrome
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
Now let's do it Google installation Chrome:
sudo yum install google-chrome-stable
- Installing Lightweight Midori Browser:
sudo yum install midori
Graphic arts
- Inkscape
sudo yum install inkscape
- Blender
sudo yum install blender
- Gwibbe
sudo yum install gwibber
- Pidgin
sudo yum install pidgin
- Installing the qbittorren torrent client
sudo yum install qbittorrent
- Installing an alternative torrent client:
sudo yum install deluge
- For all other downloads, it is recommended to use the DownloadThemAll browser plugin.
- Dropbox installation:
sudo gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/dropbox.repo
name=Dropbox Repository
baseurl=http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/20/
gpgkey=http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/rpm-public-key.asc
Performing the installation operation:
sudo yum install nautilus-dropbox
The first part of the guide to setting up the Fedora 21 operating system is complete. Subscribe to site updates to receive news and continuation of article series:
Sooner or later we have to establish software not from official repositories. Not all packages are available there, and the newest versions of newly released programs are not always available. Very often, developers post packages for the most popular distributions on their official website. Usually these are deb and rpm. The latter is a little less common, but if you're using a Red Hat-based distribution, this is the package format you need. You can also often find libraries and other components online that are not available in packaged repositories.
Previously, we already looked at installing deb packages in Ubuntu. And this article will discuss in detail the installation of rpm packages in Linux.
RPM or RPM Package Manager is package manager, used in Linux distributions based on Red Hat. The file format of this package manager has the same name.
This format is not very different from the same Deb. You can see their detailed comparison in the article what. Here, I’ll just note that the rpm file is a regular cpio archive, which contains the program files themselves, as well as metadata describing where they should be installed. Base of all installed packages is located in the /var/lib/rpm directory. Among the features, it can be noted that rpm does not support recommended packages, as well as either-or format dependencies.
To manage packages, just like in Debian systems, there is a console low-level utility with the same name - rpm. We will consider this further in the article. Different systems use different package managers, for example Red Hat uses Yum, Fedora uses DNF, and OpenSUSE uses zypper, but all of these systems will run the rpm utility.
Installing RPM packages on Linux
Let's first look at the syntax of the rpm utility itself:
$ rpm -mode options package
The utility can operate in one of the modes:
- -q- request, obtaining information;
- -i- installation;
- -V- package checking;
- -U- update;
- -e- deletion.
Let's consider only the most interesting program options that we will need in this article:
- -v- show detailed information;
- -h- display a status bar;
- --force- perform an action forcibly;
- --nodeps- do not check dependencies;
- --replacefiles- replace all old files with new ones without warnings;
- -i- get information about the package;
- -l- list of package files;
Now that you already have an idea of how to work with this utility, you can consider installing the rpm package on Linux. The most simple command The installation will look like this:
sudo rpm -i package_name.rpm
To work with the command current directory there must be a folder with a package. Here we set the installation mode and transfer the package file. If the installation is successful, the utility will not display anything; if an error occurs, you will know about it.
To view more detailed information during the installation process, use the -v option:
sudo rpm -iv packagename.rpm
You can also enable display of the status bar during the installation process:
sudo rpm -ivh packagename.rpm
To check if the package is installed, we already need to use the query mode:
sudo rpm -q packagename
You can also immediately remove the package if you don’t need it:
sudo rpm -e packagename
But rpm, like dpkg, has one significant drawback. The program cannot resolve dependencies. If the required package is not on the system, you will simply receive an error message and the package will not be installed.
For automatic download dependencies during the installation of rpm linux, you need to use the distribution package manager. Let's look at several commands for the most popular RPM distributions. On RedHat and other distributions that use Yum, use this command:
sudo yum --nogpgcheck localinstall packagename.rpm
The first option disables GPG key verification, and the second says that we will install a local package. In Fedora, dnf makes things even easier:
sudo dnf install package_name.rpm
The Zypper package manager and OpenSUSE do just as well:
sudo zypper install packagename.rpm
This is how easy it is to install an rpm with dependencies. But not everyone likes to work in the console; many new users want to use a graphical interface to solve all tasks, including this one. Next we will look at several such utilities.
Installing RPM file in GUI
If you use OpenSUSE this is very easy. The universal YaST system configurator, among other things, allows you to install rpm packages. You can do this with file manager by selecting context menu for the file to open using Yast or by running the command:
yast2 -i package_name.rpm
In Fedora, you can use the distribution's application manager for the same purpose. Previously, there were several more universal utilities for solving this problem, but now they are all outdated.
conclusions
Now you know how to install an rpm file in Linux. In fact, it is very simple and there is not only one way, but several. Although there are slightly fewer graphical utilities here than in Ubuntu. But console utilities are completely enough. If you have any questions, ask in the comments!
And also other systems have to be installed additional programs. IN operating systems On Windows, everything is very simple; as a rule, there is an installer called setup.exe, which helps install the software. But in Linux things are a little different. How to install programs on Linux? Now let's look at this question.
Linux has several types of installation packages and each distribution has its own package format. Fedora, Mandriva, Red Hat and Suse distributions use the standard Linux RPM installation developed by Red Hat. The RPM package file is typically named program_name-version.rpm.
Another very popular format is DEB. Used in Debian, Ubuntu, Knoppix and Mepis. Has a name program_name-version.deb.
And we approached the archives. Usually these are .tar , .tar.gz , .tgz extensions. They should be unpacked and then installed/compiled.
You need to perform the program installation procedure as a superuser.
Quick navigation
Installing programs on Debian, Ubuntu
There are many tools for working with DEB packages, but the most commonly used is apt-get, which is included in the standard set of tools. To install the application, enter the command:
apt-get install package_name
For removing:
apt-get remove package_name
APT stores a local database of all packages available for installation and links to where to get them. This database needs to be updated from time to time with the command:
apt-get update
To update outdated packages (programs) on the computer, enter the following commands:
apt-get update ; apt-get upgrade
Installing programs on Fedora, Red Hat
A utility similar to APT is yum. To download and install the package from the configured repository, write the command:
yum install package_name
yum remove package_name
The local yum database is not saved, so there is no need to update. To install updates, use the command:
yum update
Select something specific to update:
yum update package_name
Installing programs in Mandriva
Mandriva has its own set of tools for working with packages, called urpmi. For installation:
urpmi package_name
To delete:
urpme package_name
Update the local database with the list of packages:
urpmi. update -a
To install updates:
urpmi --auto-select
Installing programs from archives (tarballs)
For archives compressed using GZIP (gz, gz2, etc.) we do this:
tar -xvz f filename
For archives compressed using BZIP (bz, bz2, etc.) it’s a little different:
tar -xvjf filename
Tar commands:
- x – extract files from the archive;
- v – detailed display of information on the screen;
- f – Required option. If not specified, Tar will try to use tape instead of file;
- z – process archive compressed using gzip;
- j – process an archive compressed using bzip.
After executing the command, a folder will be created with a name similar to the name of the package. Then you need to open this created folder with the command:
cd folder_name
Next, in the unpacked archive, read the instructions in the README file, if any. In any case, if the program is compiled as an executable file, then the package will contain a .sh file, usually called install.sh
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