For any server it is necessary to be able to quickly obtain the latest and most current software. Installing the epel, rpmforge and other repositories for CentOS solves the issue of obtaining rpm packages for subsequent configuration and updating of the server functionality. So let’s pay attention to this issue and understand the subtleties that are present here, as in any other issue.
If you have a desire to learn how to find and exploit vulnerabilities in information networks, I recommend getting acquainted with online course “Workshop on Kali Linux» in OTUS. The course is designed for those who have no experience in information security, for admission you need to pass.
This article is part of a single series of articles about the server.
Repositories on CentOS
First, let's explain what repositories are and why they are needed. Here's what wikipedia says about this:
Repository, storage- the place where any data is stored and maintained. Most often, data in a repository is stored in the form of files that are available for further distribution over the network.
There are repositories for storing programs written in the same language (for example, CPAN for Perl) or intended for the same platform. Many modern operating systems, such as OpenSolaris, FreeBSD and most Linux distributions, have official repositories, but also allow packages to be installed from other places. Most repositories are free, but some companies provide access to their own repositories for a paid subscription.
Some time ago Linux applications came out in the form source code, which was then compiled on the server and received ready-made programs. Today, most applications come in the form of so-called packages. These are already assembled applications that you can immediately install and use.
In our case, the repository is a repository of packages for operating system CentOS. There is a repository from the system developer, they are called official. The set of rpm packages there is usually limited and the versions are not the latest. For installation additional software use third party repositories. They can be supported by both other companies and groups of enthusiasts.
The utility manages packages and repositories in CentOS yum. Her configuration file located in /etc/yum.conf. This file contains a section in which global program settings are specified. It may also contain one or more sections in which repository settings are stored. However, it is recommended to store information about repositories in the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory in special files .repo.
The minimum contents of a .repo file are as follows:
Name=repository_name baseurl=repository_url
Other useful parameters that can be specified in the repo file:
Name=CentOS-$releasever - Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM- GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:/// etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch= $basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Connecting repositories in CentOS
There are three different ways to add a repository to CentOS:
- By adding a section to the /etc/yum.conf file
- By creating a .repo file in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory
- Installing the rpm package with repository information
As mentioned earlier, the first method is not recommended by the developers themselves. The fastest and most convenient third method. If the rpm package for adding the repository does not exist, then the second method is used manually.
Installing epel repo on CentOS
Fully epel The repository is called Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux. This is a package repository created by the Fedora operating system team. Packages from the epel repository never conflict and do not reinstall the base RHEL packages. Packages are supported for the following operating systems:
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
- CentOS
- Scientific Linux (SL)
- Oracle Linux (OL)
Installing the epel repository on CentOS is easiest because epel-release package included in the standard CentOS Extras repository, which is available by default. This is by far the most popular unofficial repository for CentOS.
Installing the epel repository in centos:
# yum -y install epel-release
Now if we check the /etc/yum.repos.d folder, we will see a file there epel.repo, which will contain information about the new connected repository.
Connecting rpmforge repo on CentOS
The full name of the rpmforge repository is RepoForge. According to information from the site, this archive is no longer supported and is not recommended for installation. But personally, I couldn’t find information about this anywhere else, including on the official website repoforge.org. This repository contains the following sets of compatible RHEL packages:
- Servers (eg. monitoring, troubleshooting, management)
- Desktops (eg. office, leisure, multi-media)
- Development (eg. perl, python, ruby libraries)
Installing rpmforge on centos:
- Install the GPG key: # rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
- We go to the download page and copy the link of the rpm package for the architecture we need.
- Install the copied rpm package: # yum -y install http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm
# yum -y install http://repository.it4i.cz/mirrors/repoforge/redhat/el7/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm
Check the /etc/yum.repos.d directory:
# ls -l | grep rpmforge -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 739 Jun 12 2014 mirrors-rpmforge -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 717 Jun 12 2014 mirrors-rpmforge-extras -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 728 Jun 12 2014 mirrors-rpmforge-testing -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1128 Jun 12 2014 rpmforge.repo
Everything is fine, rpmforge repository is installed.
Installing remi repo on CentOS
Les RPM de Remi repository supports latest versions MySQL and PHP (backports of Fedorov's rpm). The packages in this repository should be used with caution as they replace the base packages.
- # wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
- # rpm -Uvh remi-release-7*.rpm
We check:
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d # ls -l | grep remi -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 698 Jul 23 17:54 remi-php70.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2382 Jul 23 17:54 remi.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 449 Jul 23 17:54 remi-safe.repo
On the CentOS mirror you can download distributions of all current versions, and these are versions 5, 6 and 7. The mirror can be used as a source of standard system repositories - base, updates, extras, centosplus.
You can use, as I have done several times, yandex mirror for a network installation of CentOS. Path to the installation image: http://mirror.yandex.ru/centos/7/os/x86_64/images/
That's all for me on the topic of working with repositories. Then you can do more. If you have any comments, additions, clarifications, or errors, please write about them in the comments.
Let me remind you that this article is part of a single series of articles about the server.
Online courses on Mikrotik
If you have a desire to learn how to work with Mikrotik routers and become a specialist in this field, I recommend taking courses according to the program based on information from the official course MikroTik Certified Network Associate. In addition to the official program, the courses will include laboratory works, in which you can test and consolidate your acquired knowledge in practice. All details are on the website. The cost of training is very affordable, good opportunity gain new knowledge in a currently relevant subject area. Course Features:- Practice-oriented knowledge;
- Real situations and tasks;
- The best of international programs.
For what reason is it convenient to use Yandex services, in terms of speed for Russian providers, I already wrote in the article. Here we will talk about repositories for the operating room ubuntu systems. Namely because the mirror is located on Yandex servers. And unlike the fact that standard ubuntu repositories are located on servers that are clearly not located in Russia, using Yandex repositories we will get greater speed than using standard repositories. Convinced?
In order to change the standard repositories for the Ubuntu OS, we need to open the file where the list of repositories is stored and change it
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
We delete all contents and write the following ( example for ubuntu versions 10.04!!! )
deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/ubuntu/ lucid main contrib non-free universe
deb-src http://mirror.yandex.ru/ubuntu/ lucid main contrib non-free
sudo aptitude update
If for any reason you need original file with a list of standard repositories, then please here it is
#deb cdrom:/lucid main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates main restricted
##team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid universe
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates universe
##N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free license. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid multiverse
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the "backports"
##N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical"s
## "partner" repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security multiverse
Using repositories mirror.yandex.ru Updating your files will be much faster than if you use standard repositories. Good luck!
To organize a study of the Linux OS, mobile stands could be used. Write on such a stand the address of the Yandex mirror for updates so that it is accessible and visual for trainees.
URL: slackbuilds.org Commercial: no Site type: repository ... Wikipedia
Coordinates: 55°44′03.4″ N. w. 37°35′17.26″ E. d. / 55.734278° n. w. 37.588128° E. d. ... Wikipedia
A service list of articles created to coordinate work on the development of the topic. This warning does not apply to informational articles, lists and glossaries... Wikipedia
A service list of articles created to coordinate work on the development of the topic. This warning is not set... Wikipedia
Socialized medicine- is a term used to describe a system for providing medical and hospital care for all at a nominal cost by means of government regulation of health services and subsidies derived from taxation. It is used primarily and usually pejoratively in… … Wikipedia
Newcastle United Season 2011/12 Coach ... Wikipedia
Crown jewels- The Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom Crown jewels are jewels or artifacts of the reigning royal family of their respective countries. They belong to monarchs and are passed to the next sovereign to symbolize the right to rule. They may... ... Wikipedia
Web search engine- Search engine redirects here. For other uses, see Search engine (disambiguation). The three most widely used web search engines and their approximate share as of late 2010. A web search engine is to search for information on the Wo … Wikipedia
Loading...