Local computer networks
Completed by: Khrushcheva T.O. 10 "A" class student
Checked by: Pospelova G.V.
MBOU "Secondary School No. 20"
Novomoskovsk, Tula region
- The local network
- Network adapter
- OS
- LAN features
Local network Diagram of LAN devices
The local network
peer-to-peer the local network with line bus topology
In home local networks, which included 2-3 computers, a topology is used to connect computers. linear bus.
In this case, all computers are connected to one cable, and the printer is connected to one of the computers.
Peer-to-peer LAN with star topology
IN peer-to-peer LANs with a star topology all computers and network printer connect to a hub or switch that provides data transfer between network devices
Server Based LAN
To increase performance, as well as to ensure greater reliability of information storage in the network, powerful computer to store files and application programs.
Such a computer is called server, A the local network– a server-based network.
Network adapter
Network adapter - special board (connecting computers in wired LANs)
main function network adapter is the transmission and reception of information from the network
OS
Operating systems have built-in networking capabilities that make connecting a computer to a local area network quick and easy.
Modern versions of operating systems
LAN features
A local area network unites computers installed in the same room or in the same building. For example, school computer classes
School
Room 22
Room 16
Room 12
- Ugrinovich N.D. Informatics and ICT. Basic level: textbook for grade 10 / N.D. Ugrinovich.-9th ed.-M. : Binom. Knowledge Laboratory, 2012.-213s-: ill.
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Let's repeat
What is an operating system?
Operating system (OS)- a set of programs that allows the user to communicate with a computer, manage computer devices, programs and information stored in the computer's memory.
Let's repeat
What are the main functions of the OS?
- Ensuring a dialogue between the user and the computer.
- Management of programs installed on the computer.
- Managing the operation of computer devices.
Let's repeat
What is a file system?
File system is designed to organize the execution of operations on files and folders (directories).
Let's repeat
What operations does the file system allow?
- create, rename and delete files;
- transfer and copy files from one medium to another;
- search for files stored on different media;
- launch programs for execution.
Let's repeat
What programs are called file managers?
File manager - computer program, which provides a user interface for working with file system and files
Today in class we...
- learn what is called a computer network;
- Consider the types of computer networks and their features.
- get acquainted with various types network resources;
The desire to transfer information from one computer to another, to provide users with shared access to technical devices, software and information resources computers necessitated the integration of computers into a single network.
Computer network
According to the territorial basis, networks can be divided into four types:
- local;
- regional;
- corporate;
- global.
local network .
This is usually a network of one organization, educational institution and etc.
According to the method of organization, local computer networks are divided into:
networks with a dedicated server.
peer-to-peer networks
In peer-to-peer networks, all computers are equal.
A dedicated server network has one high-performance computer that manages the operation of the entire network. This computer is called server .
He provides his resources for sharing other computers on the network, called clients, and can manage their work.
By way of connection, computer networks can be:
wired
wireless
To organize the work of computers connected to a local network, you need the appropriate hardware and software:
LAN card
Network cable
network port
All computers on the network must be equipped with network cards. They are designed to receive and transmit information on the network.
LAN card
Computers on the network are connected using a special network cable.
Network cable
The socket for connecting the network cable is located on the rear wall of the system unit.
network port
"Tire"
Ways to connect computers in a local network:
"Star"
Ways to connect computers in a local network:
Wireless LANs use an access point, and each computer must have a dedicated wireless network card such as WiFi .
The operating system provides software support for the operation of computers in a local network.
Computers are connected in networks to share network resources.
Network resources (network resources) computers may be:
- technical devices (printers, modems, disk drives, etc.);
- software (system, application and instrumental);
- information resources (files with information).
The user on whose computer the resource (file, disk, folder, or device) is located is its owner and has full access to this resource.
The resource owner can allow other network users access to his disk, folder, file.
Viewing available network resources is carried out in the folder Net .
The window of this folder displays the shared resources of the network to which the computer is connected (computers, folders, files, printers).
The most important characteristic of a local network is information transfer rate in it - the amount of information transmitted per unit of time.
The speed at which information is transmitted over a network is usually measured in bps .
There are no uniform rules for user behavior on a local network. Here are just a few general requirements:
- do not share your login name and password with other users;
- Whenever possible, store information on your computer's disk rather than on shared disks.
Let's repeat
Why are computers connected to a network?
Computer network- association of computers, providing sharing of network resources.
Let's repeat
What is a local network?
Computers located on short distances from each other, can be combined into local network .
Let's repeat
How are computers connected to a local area network?
To organize the work of computers connected to a local network, you need the appropriate hardware and software: LAN card, network cable.
Let's repeat
What are local networks by connection method?
Peer-to-peer and dedicated server networks.
Homework
The presentation on the topic "Local computer network" is intended for use in the study of computer disciplines by students of 1 and 2 courses. The presentation includes the concept of a local computer network, classification, description of hardware and software local computer network, network access modes.
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Local computer network
A computer network is a connection of computers for exchanging information and sharing resources (printer, modem, disk storage, etc.).
A local area network unites computers installed in the same room (classroom, office, etc.), in the same building or in several closely spaced buildings. Typically, computers on a local network are located at a distance of no more than one kilometer. As the distance increases, special equipment is used.
Local networks according to the way computers interact are divided into: peer-to-peer; networks with a dedicated server. The local network
Peer-to-Peer LAN In a peer-to-peer LAN, all computers are equal. Shared devices can be connected to any computer on the network.
Dedicated server network Dedicated server network structure
Server (from the English server - service device) - a computer that distributes resources between network users. Installed on the server powerful processor, large RAM and disk storage, stores the bulk of the network software and data, which can be used by all network users.
As workstations, less productive computers with less disk and RAM are usually used.
In networks with a dedicated server, client-server technology is implemented. Server software is installed on the server: server operating system; WEB server(intranet organization); proxy server (providing work with Internet workstations); file server (providing file sharing), etc. Dedicated Server Networking Software
Client software is installed on the workstation: operating system for workstations; client part of application software, etc. Dedicated Server Networking Software
The most common ways to connect computers are: bus (usually used for peer-to-peer networks); star (used for any local networks). Network hardware
Components of a local network To organize a local network, it is necessary to install a network card in each PC and connect all computers using a special cable.
Sometimes the components necessary for connecting computers are already installed on the motherboard and then a separate network card is not needed. In this case, the socket for the network cable is located on the rear wall of the system unit.
LAN Components Coaxial cable - transfer rate up to 10 Mbps. twisted pair- transfer speed up to 100 Mbps.
Components of a local network Hubs (HUB or Switch) - are used to connect computers in the network. The hub can have a different number of connection ports (usually from 8 to 32).
LAN Components The overall network connection speed when using a HUB is determined by the speed of the slowest network card. For Switch, the connection speed of any pair of computers is determined by the speed of the slowest NIC in the pair (group).
Network software To organize a local network, you must: determine the name of the Working Group; assign each computer a unique working group name and IP address, and set the subnet mask address (in some cases, the explicit IP address and subnet mask address may not be set).
Network Software This window is used to set the Computer Name and Workgroup
Network Software These windows are used to set explicit IP addresses and subnet mask settings
This window is used to set the level of access to local computer resources Access modes to network resources
local resource. Network users are denied access to computer resources. To ensure the availability of local resources, you need to set the switch to the Shared resource position. Shared resource. Allows you to use computer resources (disk memory and peripherals- printer, modem) to network users. To do this, you need to allow Open public access to the folder. In this case, it is required to determine the access level. Modes of access to network resources
Network resource access modes Read only Allows network users to open or copy files and folders. Full access Allows network users to perform all operations on files, folders (transfer, delete, edit, rename, etc.). Password-Determined Access This mode provides different types of users with different access rights, such as read-only or full access.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"LAN: appearance, definition of the concept
LAN Administration
LAN hardware components
LAN topology
Peer-to-peer and dual-to-peer LANs
Automated workstations in the LAN
Corporate LAN
Department networks, campus networks, and corporate networks
Telecommunication means for communication of remote LANs
Examples of global communication of remote LANs Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
About 20 years ago, institutions began to connect computers in networks
for collaborative information processing.
The advent of computer networks
made it possible to speed up the exchange
information between
The local network
users and more
use effectively
computer technology.
File Server
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Local computer network(LAN) is a network
connecting computers on a small
territory - within the same room, floor,
buildings or groups of compactly located buildings.
Geographically it can spread up to 1-2 km.
For the name "local network" use
and the English term LAN - Local Area Network
LAN
A local area network allows you to share the resources of computers,
which in this moment connected to the network.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Large LAN manages System Administrator. It sets the accessibility
resources, defines passwords for access to resources, user rights.
Administrator
Groups of employees working on one
LAN Users
Settings
(policy
networks)
project within the LAN are called
working groups.
Several groups can work in one LAN.
Their members may have different rights for
access to shared network resources.
The set of techniques for separating and restricting the rights of network participants is called network policy.
Network policy management (there may be several of them in the network) - network administration.
Face, organization manager work of LAN participants - system administrator
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
In order to be part of a local network, each computer included in it must have:
network card (network adapter);
network cable;
operating system that supports
networking (for example, Windows, Linux, etc.).
Network cards and network cables - the main part
network equipment.
The task of the network adapter is to transmit and receive network
signals from the cable. The adapter accepts commands and
data from network operating system, transforms this
Network
cards
information in one of the standard formats and transmits
it to the network via a cable connected to the adapter.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
In local networks, due to short distances, it is possible to use expensive
high quality communication lines. Therefore, they give a high data exchange rate - about
100 Mbps. When building a LAN, communication lines are laid anew and are usually built from
cables (over long distances in global networks, they are often economically inaccessible):
CABLE
coaxial cable,
communication lines
twisted pair,
fiber optic cable.
twisted pair
Thick
coaxial
Thin
coaxial
fiber optic
Copper electrical cables
(most common)
The cable consists of conductors, shield layers and
isolation. The cable also includes connectors for
Cable composition: conductor,
layers screen, insulation
connecting it to network equipment.
Connector for connecting to a network
equipment. Numbering in slot
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Table "Characteristics of cable lines"
Communication type
Speed,
Mbps
Speed
twisted pair wires
10-100
low
Coaxial cable
to 10
high
Phone line
public - PSTN
Fiber optic cable
(fiber optic lines
communications - FOCL)
1-2
10-200
low
absolute
carriers
information
Variable
electricity
different frequencies and
waveforms
light beam
(modulated),
emitted
laser
What is a wire
Pair of insulated twisted wires
(shielded or unshielded)
Insulated copper core, shielded
metal braid
Two-core insulated subscriber wires
lines and multi-core cables of telephone communications
Hollow flexible conductors (light guides), coated
reflective material on the inside
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Computers on a LAN can be connected to each other in various ways -
topologies.
Network topology is a graph of connections of a computer network, i.e. node connection type and
communication lines. There are 4 main topologies:
The point-to-point topology is the simplest.
With this organization, the network consists of 2 computers,
directly connected to each other.
The advantage of such an organization is simplicity and
relative cheapness.
The disadvantage of such an organization is to connect such
way you can only 2 computers.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
With such an organization, the network consists
from multiple computers
each is connected to a common network
data bus.
The bus is a coaxial cable.
The main disadvantage: when breaking
bus, all network nodes lose their connection.
If you need to connect another node
to the network, then at the time of installation work
connection will also be lost.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Such a network consists of several computers,
each of which is connected to a cable closed in a ring. The signal is transmitted around the ring in
one direction and runs from the computer to
computer. The computer that received the signal from
neighboring car, amplifies it and transmits
further along the ring. This happens while the signal
will not reach the computer to which it is addressed.
Disadvantage - if at least 1 computer stops
work, the whole network stops working, and the time
signal transmission to the required machine noticeably
increases compared to the rest
ways to connect computers to a network
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
The network consists of several computers, each of which is connected
to the same central device. Such a device
called HUB. The main disadvantage of this topology is
when HUBa fails, the other nodes lose their connection.
The main advantage is the ability to connect
new nodes to the network
interrupting the work of others
nodes. Because of this important
advantages of this type of network
in front of others, and also because of
relatively low
cost, such
networking is
the most common.
- HUB
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
If there are more than 10 computers in the local network connected, the network may
not be productive enough.
To increase productivity
some computers emit
to store files and
software applications.
Server
hub
Server
Such computers are called servers, and
local area network - server based.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
According to the nature of the distribution of functions, 2 types of networks are distinguished:
Peer-to-peer networks are small
Dedicated server networks (dual-rank) –
local networks in which all
medium and large chains, in which part
computers are
performed functions for maintenance of stations
functionally equal.
assigned to servers (LAN with file server).
Usually includes up to
15 stations
Networks with servers are characterized by types
used in them network services(servers).
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
This is a topology with a file server for different workgroups.
At the same time, one central server is also used for the entire network.
file
server
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Shared peripheral devices are also connected to the server:
printers and copiers, modems, scanners, fax machines, plotters, etc.
In firms, enterprises of different
specialization based on personal
computers (workstations)
equip specialized workstations
- automated workstations.
Depending on the category
PC specialist
special is installed on it.
software.
For example, this is how the work is organized
position of manager, accountant,
leader.
network printer
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Corporate network diagram
A corporate network is a telecommunications network that connects
into a single information space all structural
divisions and offices of the company. The term "corporate" means
"large enterprise network". More often, a corporate network is geographically distributed (unites remote offices, branches).
Corporate network tasks: interaction of system applications,
access to them by remote users.
The corporate network allows you to organize:
unified electronic document management
general archives of documents
remote access to files, devices
print, to servers with databases
voice transmission, video conferencing
Corporate network
(telecommunication environment)
automatic data collection of video surveillance systems
centralized access to the Internet
providing access to global networks data,
to financial trading and information systems
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
These features simplify the internal
processes of the company, give the company benefits
over competitors, namely:
ease of company management;
transparency of the company;
operational control of the activities of all services and
structural divisions;
quick and timely response to external and
internal changes;
access to all information resources
enterprises in real time;
operational communication;
savings on long distance calls.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Depending on the scale of the enterprise, on the variety of solutions
Tasks distinguish between departmental networks, campus networks, and corporate networks.
Department networks are networks that are used by a relatively small group
employees working in the same department
enterprises. These employees decide
some common tasks, such as leading
accounting or doing
marketing. The department can have up to
Department Scale Network Example
(or workgroup network)
100-150 employees.
The main goal of the department network is the sharing of local resources (applications, data, laser
printers and modems). Typically, departmental networks have 1-2 file servers, no more than 30 users
and are not subnetted. Most of the enterprise's traffic is localized on these networks.
A small number of users allows the use of peer-to-peer network operating systems in the network,
for example Windows.
Content The campus network is an amalgamation of several small
networks of different departments of the enterprise within
building (or one territory with an area of
several km2).
Title from English. campus - student campus.
Previously, often on the territory of the studio. towns in them arose
necessity. Now the name is not associated with this, but
designate networks of any enterprises and organizations).
Network services include communication between
departmental networks, access to shared databases
enterprises, access to shared fax servers,
high-speed modems and printers.
As a result, employees of each department receive
access to some files and resources
networks of other departments. Campus networks
(Gateway)
provide access to corporate databases
regardless of what types of computers they
are located.
Campus network example
Branch 2
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
Corporate networks are also called
enterprise networks
(this is a literal translation of the English term
"enterprise-wide networks").
Such networks unite many computers in all territories.
enterprises. Can be difficult
connected and able to cover the city,
region.
Number of users and computers
can be measured in thousands
servers - hundreds.
Example of a corporate network
(enterprise networks)
Due to distances between networks
certain territories
use global connections.
Content Technology. Grade 10. Section "Information technologies"
For connecting remote local networks
and individual computers in the corporate
networks use different telecommunication means: telephone channels,
radio channels, satellite communications.
Organization of a local satellite network
optimal for communication 2-30 remote
stations when a solution is urgently needed
tasks of corporate telephony,
conferencing, traffic transit
real time or high
intensity.
An example of a corporate network using
satellite communications
(also called "local satellite network")
The network can be built according to topologies
"star", mixed.
In such networks, a common bandwidth resource is allocated
ability that can promptly
distributed among remote stations.
Content Technology. 10
technologies"
Technology.
Grade 10.
Class. Chapter
Section "Information
"Information Technology"
LAN of enterprises remote over long distances,
combined into a single corporate network based on
global communication lines:
1. Combining office networks using
wireless equipment
2. Combining local
enterprise networks in
corporate network on
leased
data channels
3. Use in building a corporate
enterprise Internet as
transport medium
INTRANET
(additionally
learn)
Content
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