Blue screen due to a clogged hard drive. "Blue screen of death"! What to do? The most common errors

Windows Blue Screens of Death ( B lue S Creen o f D ead) did not come across, perhaps, only a rare lucky person. Most of us had the “happiness” to see this phenomenon on our own PC. And it drives a lot of people into a panic: what if the computer is a lid?

In order not to get lost when a blue “lantern” suddenly lit up on the screen, you need to be able to look the enemy “in the face”. That is, learn to find out what led to the appearance of BSoD, assess how critical the situation is and know what to do so that it does not happen again.

"Blue Lantern" turns on unexpectedly

In progress Windows work there are many errors, most of which the system eliminates imperceptibly for the user. But among them there are also so serious that the continuation of the session becomes impossible. Or the problem that has arisen threatens Windows or hardware with irreversible damage. In such cases, BSoD pops up. The system, as it were, says to the user: “Sorry, friend, but I had no other choice. If it wasn't for the crash, something bad would have happened."

Blue screens of death occur at any stage of loading and operating a computer. And it leads to the following:

Incorrect operation of device drivers due to poor compatibility with the operating system, conflict with other drivers, damage or changes in parameters.
Incorrect operation of software, more often that which creates its own services - antiviruses, firewalls, hardware emulators, etc.
Malware infection.
Hardware problems - malfunction of RAM, disk drives, network, sound adapters, video subsystem, motherboard, power supply and other equipment.
Abnormal operation of devices - overheating, unstable power supply, overclocking.
Violation of data exchange between devices - poor contact in the connectors, faulty cables and loops.
Device incompatibility.

By the way, a single BSoD after connecting a new device to the computer, if everything works flawlessly in the future, can be considered the norm.

What can be learned from the information on the blue screen

Fortunately, the vast majority of blue screens of death are caused by software failures, which the user can fix on their own and relatively quickly, without resorting to reinstalling Windows. For software problems BSoDs random in time with the same or similar error codes are typical.

Hardware bruises often occur under the same conditions (for example, when the load on the video card is increased, when trying to open a large file) and have different codes. Or these codes indicate problems with specific equipment, such as: device access errors, inability to read, recognition.

However, these signs only allow one to make an assumption about the cause of the problem. More detailed information is needed to clarify it.

Windows 10 blue screen of death looks like this:

The error information is contained in the line " stopcode". In my example, this is CRITICAL PROCESS DIED.

By scanning the QR code with your phone, which is located here, you can go to the site stopcode, for general troubleshooting tips. Tips from Microsoft are sometimes useful, but there is nothing there about the reason for your particular case, which means you will have to look for this data in another source, for example:

On computer forums.
In reference books on various error codes, in particular, and in .

But this is not entirely complete information. Each error is unique, and the most accurate information about it is contained in a file that the system saves to disk at the time of the crash. Namely, in a small memory dump, which we will learn to analyze. And in order for such files to be created, you need to make a few small settings.

How to enable the small memory dump creation and saving feature

To save memory dumps on the hard drive, the system definitely needs, which must be located in the same partition as the Windows folder. Its size can be from 2 Mb and more.

Click on the " Extra options systems».

» press the button « Options».

In the new window section " System failure" from the list " Writing debug information» select « Small memory dump". Let it be specified as the save location «% SystemRoot%\Minidump» (%systemroot% is the Windows folder).

This completes the setup. Now information about BSoDs will be stored in the above directory.

How to analyze the contents of minidumps

There are different ways to analyze crash dumps Windows memory, but we will get acquainted with the most, in my opinion, convenient and simple - with the help of a free utility.

BlueScreenView is especially convenient because it does not require bulky Debugging Tools packages to be installed on the computer. for Windows and can be launched from any media, just click on the file of the same name.

The interface of the utility, despite the lack of the Russian language, is very friendly. The main window is divided into 2 halves. Above - a table of minidumps - files from the Windows\Minidump folder with the date and time of creation (column crash time), error code in hexadecimal format (column Bug Check Code), its four parameters, and other information. However, it is more convenient to view data on a specific failure in a separate window, which is opened by double-clicking on the line of interest (shown below). The main window gives more information about the problem in general if BSoDs have happened repeatedly. It is easy to track the dates of incidents and error codes, the frequency of which can be used to judge the nature of the problem.

The lower half of the main window displays the drivers loaded into memory at the time of the crash for a specific dump highlighted in the list. The lines highlighted in pink show the contents of the event stream stack, and the drivers mentioned in them are most directly related to the cause of the failure.

For example, let's analyze one of the small memory dumps with error code 0x00000154. I will say in advance that it was caused by a crease in the train hard drive. Starting the analysis, let's look at the list of drivers in the event stack. There is nothing here except ntoskrnl.exe - the Windows OS kernel, which, of course, is not to blame for the problem - it's just that at the time of the failure there was not a single driver in the stack, but it is always present there.

To check this version, let's evaluate the S.M.A.R.T indicators of the computer's hard drive, which are monitored by the Hard Disk Sentinel program. On the day of the accident, there were changes to the following attributes:

188 Command Timeout.
199 UltraDMA CRC Error Count.

Both indicate communication errors on the interface cable. Hard surface test and verification file structure no deviations were found, so the problem was solved by replacing the cable.

Let's consider another case of the blue screen of death caused by Kaspersky antivirus. BSoD periodically occurred during Windows startup 10 and when the computer wakes up from sleep mode.

The error was fixed several times under the same code - 0x000000d1, which means the following: "kernel mode driver tried to access a page of memory in an IRQL process that had too high a priority." This time, BlueScreenView indicated a problem in the NDIS.sys driver responsible for network connections. This means that there is a high probability that the failure is of software origin and is related to something that uses the network.

To identify the culprit, it was necessary to analyze the startup applications. At an early stage of launching the operating system of this PC, there were not too many programs that were allowed to access the Internet, more precisely, one Kaspersky. In confirmation of his involvement, I again turned to the list of drivers loaded into memory in BlueScreenView and among what is usually present here, I found kl1.sys, which belongs to the antivirus.

After removing Kaspersky, the blue screens no longer popped up.

The BlueScreenView utility allows you to analyze memory crash dumps received not only where it is running, but also on another computer. To do this, you do not need to copy them to Windows folder\ Minidump of your PC, which is loaded into the default program. Copy them to any convenient place, for example, to the desktop, and point the program to the new location of the directory to be loaded.

The function to select a folder with dump files is located in the menu " Options» – « advanced options” (opened with the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + O) and is called “ Load from the following minidump folder».

Surely you have noticed that when a computer crashes, a blue screen appears on the monitor screen with a lot of incomprehensible characters in English. It was so?

Usually, this state of the computer is very scary for a novice user. In this article, let's try to understand a little about this situation and find out what kind of blue screen it is and what it threatens us with.

To begin with, let's deal with appearance such a blue screen and consider two different images.

Image #1
Blue screen when checking disk:

Such a blue screen can be seen, for example, after an improper shutdown of the computer (for example, during power outages).

There is nothing terrible in this. This screen simply shows us the work of a special program for checking disks. This program is called Chkdsk(Check Disk - disk check), it is built into Windows and very often starts automatically in case of sudden computer failures.

The program checks HDD for errors that may have resulted from such failures.

We can even watch the verification process by changing numbers on this screen, indicating the percentage until the end of the next verification stage (there are five in total - stage 1 - 5).

If such a screen appears, it is best to simply wait until the program Chkdsk finishes its work and restarts the computer. Otherwise, in the file hard errors may remain on the disk, or errors will remain on its physical surface. bad sectors, and of course this will not lead to anything good.

If such a screen appeared once, then you should not be afraid - there is nothing to worry about, but if it appears very often, then be sure to back up important data and think about

It should be noted here that even if your computer is stable, from time to time (every few months) it is advisable to do a disk check forcibly by running the program Chkdsk manually.

This is done using the service built into Windows. Check disk, which I talked about in one of the lessons.

So, we figured out the first blue screen. Let's move on to the next one.

Image #2
The so-called "blue screen of death":

This screen is a message about an irreparable system error. Windows error. This means that Windows cannot deal with any problem and disables itself in order to avoid more serious problems. In such a situation, we can only restart the computer with the button reset(unless it reboots itself). All unsaved data will be lost.

On this screen, we can see the error code that the system tells us so that we can independently eliminate the cause of the error. However, I can note that it is far from always possible to fix such problems on their own (especially for a beginner), so the system writes information about the error to the system log and creates a special file with a description of the problem.

Such information can be used by specialists to analyze the situation in order to fix the problem and prevent similar errors from occurring in the future.

The most common causes of the Blue Screen of Death are all sorts of driver conflicts. For example, when drivers are not "native", incompatible with the system or with computer devices. In addition, the cause may be conflicts of programs or devices, overheating of components, or the action of viruses.

In this article, we will not go into the intricacies of analyzing blue screen of death error codes. this topic is quite extensive and far from being for beginners. But if you have a desire to deal with the cause of such a screen, or if you seek the advice of a specialist, then you need to have all the necessary data on hand to analyze the problem.

First of all, you need to write out the error code that is displayed on the blue screen, and for this you need to make sure that when such a screen appears, the computer does not restart, and we can see all the necessary information.

To do this, do the following: right-click My Computer - Properties- tab Additionally– section – button Options.

Uncheck the box in the window that appears. Perform automatic reboot and press Ok:

In addition, check that the rest of the parameters are the same as in the figure.

Now, in the event of a computer failure, there will be no automatic restart, and we can safely write out the error data, namely everything that is written in the section Technical Information:

This data will be important when analyzing your situation.

In addition, analysis may require a dump file that details the cause of the error, and your task is to provide this file for analysis. Such files have the extension dmp and by default are located in the folder
C:WINDOWSMinidump.

Usually this data is enough to find out the cause of such blue screens.

And at the end of this article, I want to say again that it will be very difficult for a beginner to figure out the reason for the appearance of the “blue screen of death”, although if you are confident in your abilities, you can always try to search necessary information online by entering error codes in a search engine. It is possible that simply replacing some "wrong" driver will be enough to solve your problem.

Anyway, I hope this article has helped you understand the main causes of these "terrible" blue screens, and they will no longer scare you, because knowing the enemy in the face is always easier to deal with!

Good day to all. Have you ever had this - here you are working, you are working for yourself, sitting on the Internet, and then bang a blue screen with white letters in English, all sorts of numbers, and you can return to work again only after pressing the reset () button on the case system block? This phenomenon is called - Blue Screen of Death BSOD. The most annoying thing. Today I will tell you about this muck, what it is and how to deal with it.

General information

I'll try to briefly describe what it is. Blue screen of death BSOD. This screen appears when a fatal error occurs in the Windows operating system due to which the OS cannot continue further work. All the system can do is write the cause of this error to a special dump file. Next, a message is displayed on the screen about the cause of the error and what caused it, then reboot or not, depending on the settings. Everything else that you did not have time to save will be irretrievably lost. In general, the blue screen of death is not so bad on the one hand, because it signals to the user that there is a serious problem in his computer that needs to be urgently resolved. If the screen appeared once or twice, then in principle you can forget about it. but if it pops up regularly, then this is a cause for concern.

Blue screen what it looks like

When I first heard about this phenomenon, I thought: maybe I already had a similar case, because I saw a couple of such screens? Let's figure out which is which.

bios setup. Screen with BIOS settings. This program contains the hardware settings for your computer. You can get into the BIOS only at the very beginning of the PC boot by pressing the Del key. If you accidentally pressed this key and saw this window, then do not be alarmed, this is not a blue screen of death. Press Esc to exit.

Check disk error screen, operation of the Chkdsk program. This program is started most often as a result of improper termination Windows systems. For example, you have turned off the light, but there is no uninterruptible power supply. Or too lazy to wait for the system to complete, you just pull the plug out of the socket. After such a case, this screen may pop up. OS will start as soon as the program Chkdsk will finish his work.

But this is already Blue Screen of Death BSOD

A red screen of death has been encountered in Win Vista. If you have met this, then know that these are all the berries of one field.

Causes of the blue screen of death

Driver failures. This is the most common reason.
Incorrect, "Left drivers".
Application conflict. This may include a failure in the operation of antiviruses ( if they were installed not one, but two), firewalls .
Hardware failures. Overheating of the processor, defective RAM chips, or simply badly inserted RAM chips into the slots, errors on the hard drive. Failures in the operation of the video card, the motherboard with the devices that are placed on it.
Viruses, but this is rare.

Decryption

Now consider those hieroglyphs that appear on the screen.
The text we see before technical information, describes the error and what needs to be done to fix it.

Technical Information contains the following:

error code
the name of the driver in which the error occurred
error location address

Enabling recording of debug information (dumps)

So we are gradually moving on to practical actions. As mentioned above, when a critical error occurs, the system can store information about this error in a special file. By default, this feature is disabled on the system. You need to turn it on. And usually the computer restarts immediately after an error, this also needs to be fixed.

For users Windows XP:

Start— Control Panel – System— – Options— System failure.

Uncheck the box, in the box Writing debug information, put Small memory dump after click OK. The small dump folder is also indicated just below. Typically, dump files are stored in C:WindowsMinidump.

For users Windows Vista/7 :
Start - Control Panel - System - Advanced - Download and Recovery - Settings. Uncheck Perform automatic reboot press OK.

The blue screen can also be forced. For what? And to find out the current problems of the operating system. This is done by double pressing the key. SCROLL LOCK while holding down a key CTRL. But for this to work, this feature must be enabled. It is done like this:

Launching the Registry Editor Start — Run — regedit
Let's move on to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE-System-CurrentControlSet-Services-i8042prt-Parameters.
Create a new parameter DWORD With name CrashOnCtrlScroll and assign it a value 1 .
We restart the PC. Well, then, as written above, we clamp CTRL and twice for SCROLL LOCK.

Analyzing BSOD Dumps

In this section, I will tell you about how you can identify the cause of the blue screen of death practically ( although it may not be possible for a novice user). Most often, problems with a blue screen arise precisely because of the drivers, then analyzing the dump will help identify this driver and eliminate the cause of the error and further failures.

Program blue screen view designed for dump analysis. Free and easy to use. Download and install. After starting, point to the folder with dumps.

Eliminate the causes of the blue screen of death

Eliminating the causes can be a very difficult task. But still in some cases this problem is completely solvable. The following describes how to solve the most common cases.

By now you should already have the name of the file that is causing the error. The name of the file and the program or driver to which it refers:

afw.sys, afwcore.sys And filtnt.sys — Agnitum Outpost.
spider.sys, dwprot.sys — Dr. Web.
rt*** And alc***- device driver Realtek. Usually this is a sound or network card.
cnx***- device driver Conexant.
nv***- device driver nVidia. Usually it's the video card.
ati***- device driver ATI. Usually it's the video card.
ig***- device driver Intel. Usually this is an integrated video core from Intel.

When a problematic driver or program is found, they should be updated or replaced with other versions. Check the RAM for errors with the program memtest86 because Often blue screen of death BSOD pops up as a result of memory problems.

Well, that seems to be all for now.

Good day, dear readers!

Hardly any of active users computer did not encounter such a thing as a blue screen with a bunch of white inscriptions, which can only be gotten rid of by restarting the computer.

In this article I will explain what it is, why it happens, and how to deal with it. The article turned out to be very large, but it covers all the points from the causes of the blue screen of death to their elimination.

Blue screens of death on different computers and operating systems (OS) look different. Recently, they have become already and not quite blue.

For example, developers offer us such a blue screen with a sad emoticon new Windows 8 is scheduled for release in 2012. This BSoD can be observed quite often when testing the capabilities of a new operating system. Perhaps this is one of the most positive, if I may say so about BSoD, blue screens of death.

However, some people also had to meet the red screen of death in early versions of Windows Vista, which served as a blue one. In the older days of Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0, the screen was completely black! The blue screen has been called since 1991, when the name was proposed by Erik Noyes, an employee of one of the Californian companies. Since then, the concept of "blue screen of death" has become generally accepted.

What is the blue screen of death

A concept that comes from in English and translated into our native language. Actually, as you already understood, BSoD and the "blue screen of death" are one and the same. The abbreviation BSoD stands for blue screen of Death or Blue Screen of Doom. The official name of the phenomenon is stop error.

When you see a blue screen on your computer monitor, it indicates a critical system error. This way of informing the user about a failure that has occurred is typical for Windows.

So what is a BSoD? On fig. 1, you can parse the CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION entry. This is a blue screen of death error with the code (technically correct - STOP code) 0x000000F4. Short notation is also used, with zeros dropped after 0x - 0xF4. Further in the article, such a record will be used when there are no other numbers. Blue screen of death codes are a hexadecimal notation with a prefix 0x. This prefix is used for recognition by system services that use the language C.

Using the BSoD STOP code, the system identifies the error that has occurred and writes an entry to the system log for subsequent analysis and prevention of an error in the future. Blue Screen of Death error 0xF4 indicates a failure due to the unexpected termination of a system-critical process or thread. We will talk more about the meanings of blue screen of death errors below.

More detailed information for advanced users is provided by the BSoD used in Windows XP / Vista / 7, the most common today, as well as Windows Server 2003.

Rice. 2. Blue Screen of Death in Windows XP/2003/Vista/7 Using this BSoD, it is much easier for an advanced user to figure out what the problem is.

First, Microsoft notifies the user that a BSoD is caused by a shutdown to prevent the computer from crashing. The following is the system file SPCMDCON.SYS - the culprit, according to Windows, an emergency shutdown. Below is the PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA blue screen of death error itself - indicates that the data contained in memory was not found. The following is a guide for further user actions in order to prevent the occurrence of such a mistake in future. Below is the technical information: STOP code 0x50 and again the SPCMDCON.SYS file, already with parameters.

Agree, this BSoD can lead to much more confusion for an inexperienced user than the one offered by the developers of Windows 8.

The most common blue screen of death codes

Here are the most common blue screen of death errors. The following is short description the reasons why the blue screen of death is most likely to appear. However, in order to accurately diagnose the problem, you still need to access the error parameters and correctly interpret them using debugging programs.

0xA - IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - invalid address when accessing device driver;
0x1E - KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED - A kernel mode process is trying to execute an invalid instruction;
0x24 - NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM - failure in the NTFS file system;
0x2E - DATA_BUS_ERROR - parity error in RAM;
0xB4 - VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE - video driver initialization error;
0xB9 - CHIPSET_DETECTED_ERROR - the motherboard chipset is faulty;
0xC2- BAD_POOL_CALLER - memory allocation operation error;
0x4E - PFN_LIST_CORRUPT - driver input/output structure corrupted;
0x50 or 0x8E - PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - no data requested from memory;
0x69 - IO1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED - system initialization failure;
0x77- KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR - the requested kernel page cannot be read;
0x79 - MISMATCHED_HAL - hardware incompatibility;
0x7A - KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR - error reading into physical memory;
0x7B - INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE - no access to system partition disk;
0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP - unexpected erroneous operation in the kernel;
0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - driver error, memory address not available;
0xF3 - DISORDERLY_SHUTDOWN - Windows could not shut down due to insufficient memory;
0xC0000135 - STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND - error loading library;
0xC000021A - STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED - error of a service running in user mode;
0xC0000221- STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH - driver file not found or corrupted.

If your blue screen of death error is not on this list, then you can find it on the Microsoft support sites. It contains explanations of the most probable causes failure for each error, as well as the interpretation of the BSoD parameters - this is necessary for the quality troubleshooting that leads to the appearance of BSoD.

Blue screen of death what to do

Why does the blue screen of death appear? There can be many reasons. In general, BSoD appears when there is critical error during the execution of kernel code or driver in kernel mode.

The blue screen of death appears, for example, when any changes have been made to the hardware component of the computer: replacing or installing a video card, audio adapter, hard drive, controllers and PCI bus devices and PCI Express. The driver of these devices may be poorly compatible or incompatible with the existing configuration of the computer, which leads to problems and BSoDs.

It helps when a BSoD appears only by restarting the computer, as a result of which all unsaved user data will be lost.

The user has the option to manually trigger a BSoD. This is only done if there is no other way to detect a system failure. To call BSoD, it is possible to assign a certain combination of hot keys. Therefore, under unfavorable circumstances, the user himself can inadvertently cause the appearance of BSoD.

You should not abuse the procedure for manually calling BSoD, in order to avoid loss of information or software problems. In addition, an artificial blue screen of death will not display the information the user needs. You may also encounter difficulties in the hardware dependence of this procedure: in particular, there are restrictions on invoking BSoD from keyboards with a USB connector. More information about invoking the blue screen of death can be obtained from Microsoft document Q244139.

So, the blue screen of death appears, what to do in this case? The only thing you can do about this moment is to reboot. Further, if you are a fairly experienced user and are not afraid to work with debuggers (debuggers), then there is a solution. To determine the cause of BSoD, Microsoft has developed a comprehensive solution Debugging Tools for Windows with support for 32 and 64-bit OS, which is included in Microsoft SDK for Windows.

Causes of the blue screen of death

Change BIOS settings produced on hastily may also be the cause of the BSoD. If you don't remember exactly what changes you made (especially if you made several changes), then best solution to avoid the blue screen of death error, the BIOS settings will be brought to the default state (default).

There are viruses that are designed to defeat the main boot record(MBR), as well as boot sector. They can also cause problems and cause a blue screen of death error. You can check your computer for viruses by booting from the recovery disk from installed antivirus. Many antivirus companies, such as, for example, Kaspersky Lab, offer in their solutions the function of creating a CD from an existing distribution. In addition, you can download a ready-made image from the company's servers. Also you can check MBR status antivirus utility AVZ. You can read more about working with the utility at the link.

Problems in RAM. Diagnostics

It is not uncommon for faulty and sometimes mismatched RAM modules to be the cause of the Blue Screen of Death error. If you notice that after installing, reinstalling, replacing RAM modules, your OS does not boot or a blue screen of death appears, you can try to put memory modules in other DIMM slots or swap DDR brackets - often this solves the memory problem. However, problems may lie elsewhere, and you can identify the cause of this by diagnosing RAM using the standard Windows memory test tool. The utility is available in Windows 7 and Vista (for Windows XP, you can use the Windows Memory Diagnostic utility)

Let's see how the diagnostic tool works:

2. In the window that opens, select "Windows Memory Checker" from the list (usually the third one from the bottom).

3. In a new window, Windows will prompt you to choose from two options: "Restart and check (recommended)" and "Run a check the next time you turn on the computer."

4. Close everything open programs so you don't lose any data, and click Reboot and Verify (Recommended).

The computer restarts and runs a memory test. Typically, the test is performed in two passes. The screen shows both the percentages for the current pass and the total. After the test is completed, a reboot will be performed and the test results will be presented.

Rice. 3. Checking your computer for memory problems There is another possibility - to test the state of RAM from the boot disk (Windows Vista and Windows 7 only). For this:

1. Enter the BIOS and set the CD-ROM (DVD-ROM) as the first boot device V BOOT menu, then exit the BIOS, saving the settings.

2. After the reboot, the bootloader will display the message "Press any key to boot from CD", press any key.

3. Wait while Windows downloads the files. In the window " Windows installation» Click Next.

4. Select System Restore, wait.

5. Leave all the settings in the "System Recovery Options" window as default ("Use recovery tools ...") and click "Next".

6. From the list provided, select "Windows Memory Diagnostic".

7. In the new window, select 1 of the 2 options. For example, "Reboot and test (recommended)" to start the memory test immediately.

The computer will restart and the memory test will begin.

Hard disk diagnostics

Hard disk drive (HDD) problems can also be the cause of the blue screen of death error. Windows Utility CHKDSK allows you to check your hard drive for errors and bad sectors. With the help of this utility it is possible to recover damaged HDD sectors. To run a scan, follow these steps:

1. Open Windows Explorer.

2. Right-click on the partition you want to check and select "Properties".

3. In the new window, select the "Service" tab.

4. At the top of the tab, click the "Perform verification" button.

5. A new window will open "Check disk "Disk Name"". The user can choose 1 of 4 disk check options, depending on which items he checks next to. If you just want to know if your disk has errors, uncheck the top box. In this case, Windows will not fix system errors. You can also conduct a comprehensive study and recovery of damaged HDD sectors by selecting both items. Attention! Windows will not be able to automatically fix system errors and repair bad sectors while the selected partition is active, i.e. in use. Therefore, a system restart may be required to complete the check. In this case, in the warning window that appears, click on the "Schedule disk check" button. After the PC restarts, a disk check and user-selected actions will be performed. For more detailed information for the CHKDSK utility, check out this .

6. Click the Run button and wait for the test results.

After testing, a new window will display both brief and detailed information about the status of the tested partition.

Rice. 4. Check hard drive If CHKDSK utility did its job, and disk errors reappear, you can conduct deeper testing. To do this, you will need to resort to the help of utilities developed by hard drive vendors.

In addition to the ability to diagnose the state of a disk drive from the outside, all modern HDDs and SSDs (solid-state drives) are manufactured with the manufacturer's built-in ability to self-monitor and self-test their condition, as well as estimate the time the device is expected to fail. This is S.M.A.R.T. To access the diagnostic data of this technology, you need to use one of the programs that can read the data transmitted by the disk controller program. There are paid and free programs with support for this. One of the modern free programs is CrystalDiskInfo.

Rice. 5. S.M.A.R.T. using CrystalDiskInfo As you can see in the screenshot, the program provides all the data on the disk, including its current temperature, the number of inclusions, the total number of hours of operation. The list below provides technical data that can be used to judge the physical wear of the disc. Current and Worst Values - Actual this disk now and ever, respectively. The threshold is a value below which the manufacturer of a given hard drive cannot guarantee stable and uninterrupted operation of the device.

Despite the seeming impeccability of technology, in practice, many companies and individuals complain that hard drive failure often occurs when S.M.A.R.T. is normal. Therefore, this technology can be trusted only with an eye to the possible erroneousness of the data, which, nevertheless, does not belittle all the advantages of this technology.

Memory dump

For a qualitative perception of the information below, let's define the concept of a memory dump. memory dump ( memory dump) - the contents of the working memory of a single process, kernel, or the entire OS. A memory dump contains technical information about the state of a system or an individual program.

It should also be noted that memory dumps are different.

By default, in modern operating systems such as Windows XP/Vista/7 (hereinafter we will consider only these Windows operating systems as the most common ones), when the blue screen of death appears and you restart the computer, a debug information entry is created in the MEMORY core memory dump file. DMP. It will contain all the necessary information sufficient to diagnose the cause of the failure and prevent it in the future.

Full memory dump contains comprehensive information about system status and problems. The OS also saves this information to the MEMORY.DMP file by default.

A small memory dump can be used to create a dump file. It contains only the general system information, which is often not enough to correctly diagnose the cause of the blue screen of death error. It is only appropriate to create a small memory dump file in cases where disk space is extremely limited. Unless you're having trouble with disk space, it's best not to use a small memory dump to create a dump file.

So, by default, when Windows XP/Vista/7 crashes, it creates a memory dump file MEMORY.DMP and writes debugging information and crash parameters to it. The dump file MEMORY.DMP is then saved to the %SystemRoot% folder. Subsequently, the dump file can be sent to the developers to find out the cause of the BSoD.

Also, the user can self-configuration conservation technical information in the event of a system failure. Let's configure OS recovery options. To do this, sequentially perform the following steps:

If you are using Windows 7 or Windows Vista:

1. Go to "Start", "Control Panel" and select "System" or right-click on the "Computer" icon and select "Properties".

2. At the bottom of the left column, click "Advanced system settings".

3. Go to the "Advanced" tab.

If you have Windows XP, then do the same, except for the 2nd step.

Rice. 6. Configuring OS recovery options The new window "Boot and Recovery" presents OS boot options and actions in case of failure. Here you can choose the most suitable recovery options after BSoD. In particular, the user can select from which memory dump the dump file will be written. And also change the name of this file and the directory where it will be saved. Note that you should not change the name of the dump file if you are going to later submit it for analysis to Microsoft or other developers.

1. The problem of compatibility of computer hardware drivers, although not the only one, but the main reason why the blue screen of death appears. Therefore, you need to keep your computer device drivers up to date. And, importantly, this should be done only from the official websites of hardware manufacturers or from the websites of their partners. Otherwise, you risk getting a virus or a malfunction of the device for which the driver is intended.

2. Install software products only well-known and well-established companies that value their reputation and are responsible for the stable and uninterrupted operation of their software.

3. Be sure to download everything Latest updates programs and operating systems to eliminate incompatibilities and vulnerabilities. The blue screen of death also appears when the program cannot interact correctly with the system kernel: it can be incorrectly written code, leading, for example, to looping, or vulnerabilities through which viruses, exploits, rootkits and other infections can penetrate into the program code, capable of disabling Hardware.

4. Viruses are one of possible causes BSoD. For stable operation of the OS and programs, use good antivirus with a firewall (firewall) or a comprehensive solution of the Internet Security class.

5. If a blue screen of death error occurs and often appears, trust the solution of the problem to specialists if you yourself are not 100% sure of your abilities. There are absolutely no ads in this. The fact is that if you use licensed software, you are entitled to free technical support. In addition, in addition to Microsoft, today such services are provided, for example, by some antivirus developers.

6. When a BSoD occurs and the computer is then restarted, all unsaved data is lost. To ensure the security of your information, follow backup your data to external drives.

7. Computers, like people, are not eternal. They also get sick, grow old and die. Too old and obsolete computers can jeopardize the efficiency of your work. Moreover, the computer should give its user pleasure, and if it constantly crashes, which is more typical for PCs with experience, then there is no need to talk about it. Blue screens of death appear more often on obsolete computers, when hardware developers stop supporting their products.

8. Computers need cleaning. It is necessary not only to wipe, purge the components of the computer, but also to clean the system from piling up temporary OS files and programs, as well as other information garbage that is of no value. It is also capable of preventing BSoD.

Look again at the BSoD images at the beginning of the article. The main task of the blue screen of death is to warn the user about problems with his computer and prevent possible negative consequences. Therefore, you do not need to be afraid of BSoD, but you need to reason in this vein: blue screen of death, what to do? And then you need to work with this problem until it is fixed.

I hope, dear readers, you liked the article and it was useful. Health to you and your computer!

Yes, it's annoying. But not fatal. From the error message it is not clear what is the reason and how to fix it. But nevertheless, there is a sequence of actions and methods that should be performed first of all, since they are universal and in most cases will help in eliminating a critical error.

Problem Diagnosis

What have you changed lately

Try to remember what you changed in the computer, its configuration and settings. The most common reason is a recent change in both the software and hardware settings of the computer. This includes installing new drivers, getting OS updates.
Driver is software, which allows the equipment installed in the computer to interact with Windows and work correctly. Hardware manufacturers and developers of drivers for them cannot take into account all possible options for possible configurations of both hardware and software of the PC. In this connection, it is likely that the installed or updated driver causes a critical error.

Check your computer's internal hardware

In some cases, a bad connection, bad contacts inside the computer can cause a blue screen. Open the case and check all cable connections, ensure that all wires are securely fastened and that all available hardware boards are firmly seated in their slots.
If for personal computer checking everything is not difficult, then it is more problematic for laptop owners to do this. But you can check the hard drive and RAM to make sure they are connected properly. Remove, using a small Phillips screwdriver, the removable panels at the back of the laptop, under which the hard drive and RAM or plus the motherboard are hidden, as in the photo below. Check the tightness of the plug connections.

Temperature

Check the temperature of the computer: processor, video card, hard drives. Overheating can cause equipment failure. One of the most common overheating is overheating of the graphics card. The second most likely culprit could be the CPU.
The temperature can be checked in most modern BIOSes or with special programs for Windows type SpeedFan.

Memory check

A common cause of failures is a bad RAM bar. When RAM starts to fail, it leads to unstable system operation.
You can test your RAM using a program called "Memtest86". The program is free and free to download. You can run it by burning it to a bootable CD. You need to restart your computer and boot from the disk. Memtest will automatically start testing the computer's RAM, which may take a long time. We need to wait for the results.

Run the “CHKDSK” function used on the hard disk to scan for errors and fix possible problems. A faulty hard drive can cause a blue screen due to damaged files. To run CHKDSK, open Computer / My Computer and right-click on the drive you want to scan. Select Properties.
On the Properties screen, select the Tools tab.
Click the Check button in the Error Checking section. Your computer will ask you to restart to scan the disk.

One way to determine the cause of the failure is to narrow down the search. To do this, you need to disable everything without which the computer can work, without which it can start. Thus, if the error disappears, you will know that the reason is in one of the disconnected devices.

To run a desktop computer, you need: a motherboard, a hard drive, a power supply, RAM, a video card, and a keyboard.
If in motherboard there is a video connector, then we connect the monitor to it, and turn off the external (additional) video card.
If there are several sticks of RAM, then it is better to leave one of them, then alternate when loading options with different slots in the motherboard and memory sticks.
If the PC starts without errors, then we try to connect one device at a time and start the system until an error message appears. This will allow you to know exactly which equipment is causing the failure.
Unfortunately, this method is not applicable to laptops, there is no way to turn off devices (at least for a novice user).

Information about BSOD

Have time to read the error message

Often the computer will restart faster than you can read the error message, let alone write something down. It's all about the Windows OS settings, which are set to automatically restart.
In order to still read the message, boot into safe mode and uncheck the “ “
In short then:

System Properties \ Advanced System Settings
Advanced tab
Uncheck the box Perform automatic reboot

Click the Apply button and reboot the system.

If you can’t boot in safe mode, then it remains to have time to read the code on the screen (about 1 s)

Code and name of BSOD

When the blue screen appears again in front of you, then you will have plenty of time to study it on the screen, since the computer will now restart only at your initiative.

What exactly is important and needs to be rewritten from the screen is described in detail in this section.
Error code always starts with characters 0x
Always located after the STOP phrase:

Then go to the BSOD error description page and enter the written code in the search form, you will find a description of the error and possible solutions.

BSOD Solution

If operating system can't start, try booting in safe mode.
Safe mode is a truncated Windows version, in which only the necessary components are left for loading, which in most cases allows you to boot during failures.
To do this, while the computer is booting, press the F8 button until the boot menu appears, in which you need to select Safe Mode with loading network drivers.
This will allow you to access Device Manager, Drivers, Startup.

Run a virus scan

Viruses and others malware can damage Windows files as a result, they can be the cause of the collapse of the system. Always use antiviral agent. Well, if the computer does not boot, then there are two options:

Use virus scanners in safe mode.
use LiveCD(LiveUSB) with antivirus (this is boot disk, from which you can boot and check the idle system on the hard drive with an antivirus). Almost every antivirus vendor also distributes a LiveCD version.

Checking the integrity of system files

With built-in sfc utilities http: // site / sfc-exe / you need to check the integrity of all system files protected by Windows File Protection.
To do this, run the command line cmd.exe as administrator
Type cmd.exe and press Enter
In the black screen that appears (which is command line) enter sfc.exe /scannow
The system check will start and the modified files will be restored from the backup source.

Driver rollback

If the cause of the problem is hardware, the first thing to try is to roll back the drivers. Especially if before the failure you installed a new piece of hardware or new driver into the system.
This process will restore an earlier version of the driver with which the system worked without failure.

Open Device Manager. To do this, you can press the combination Windows keys+ Pause or open the Start menu and right-click on Computer (or on the shortcut on the desktop called My Computer). Select Properties. Then Device Manager.
Select the hardware whose drivers you want to rollback. It is possible to expand subgroups by clicking on the plus sign. Right-click on the hardware icon and select Properties.
Go to the Driver tab. Select Rollback and Confirm.
Try rebooting and see if that fixes the BSOD

Roll back Windows changes

If the rollback of the drivers did not help, the next rollback is in line Windows changes. In other words, this is a rollback to the state of the system when it worked correctly.
In the search bar, enter the phrase Recovery Open the found program and select the date preceding the error.
This will restore the state of the computer to the selected date, everything that you installed later or updated, all these changes will be canceled. It’s as if no one just made them, since we can say that we have returned to the past.

Not enough hard disk space

If Windows runs out of disk space on the system drive (on which it is installed) it can lead to system errors. Delete junk files and programs from system disk, if the free space on it is less than 15% of the total.

System and driver update

If the rollback of drivers and changes does not work, you can try installing new versions of the drivers (if they have not been installed before) it is quite possible that the developers have already fixed the error and all that remains is to update.

Click the Start button and in the search bar type Windows Update.
Click check for updates.
Then follow the instructions.

Reinstalling Windows

The last option that you can resort to if the previous ones did not help is a complete reinstalling Windows.
Make sure all your important files are backed up in a safe place, as the hard drive will be formatted during installation and your data will be lost.

If reinstalling Windows still did not solve the problem and the blue screen still appears, then the reason is still in the equipment. You need to find and replace the faulty part of the computer.

Replacement of faulty equipment.

On a laptop, replacing everything but the RAM or hard drive can be difficult and costly.
If RAM tests show errors, change the bad bar.
If the hard drive tests reveal errors, the first thing to do is to create backup your data and replace with new hard disk.
If the fault is in the video card, then replacing it can be expensive. And it is almost impossible to replace it in most laptops. For desktop computers everything is easier, find a working video card, replace it for a while and see how the system behaves.