While working at a computer, we are extremely often faced with the need to create, edit, design and print textual information. For this, they are used special programs. Let's try to figure out what it is and why it is needed.
Definition
Text editors are specialized programs that allow you to create, format, edit, save, and in addition to the text itself, modern documents can contain other objects (tables, lists, charts, images, etc.).
Most popular word processing software
Now that you already know what text editor, you can talk about which applications in this category are most popular.
Microsoft Word
Probably the most common and easy to use program. Many settings, options, the widest functionality, support joint work and peer review.
open office
Free alternative to the MS Office suite. The Open Office text editor is slightly inferior to Word in terms of functionality and does not have the same attractive modern interface, but in general it is quite good for basic tasks.
AbiWord
Supports quite a few different text formats, including doc and rtf. Weighs this program very small, works fast enough, does not “hang” and meets all the requirements of a modern user.
GNU Emacs
Multifunctional free editor adapted to work on different operating systems. The basis of the Emacs ideology is the principles of extensibility, customization to the user's requirements and the desire to combine "everything in one".
However, be that as it may, the most popular, reliable and convenient is the good old Microsoft Word.
Main features of MS Word
What is it and what functions can it perform? The unique program, created by Microsoft specialists, has been improved over several decades. Modern MS Word allows you to:
- enter and edit text using the keyboard with the possibility of subsequently saving it in the computer's memory;
- format information (change parameters and text formatting);
- use the tools for previewing documents in the process of preparing them for printing;
- process several documents at the same time;
- check spelling, spelling and punctuation in different languages;
- embed in text graphic images and charts;
- create and add tables to the text, edit them;
- use macros in documents, etc.
As for the shortcomings of MS Word, there are not so many of them. However, speaking about what a text editor is, it is worth saying that not all of them are suitable for one purpose or another. For example, in the case of Word, you may have problems typing chemical formulas and complex mathematical expressions. In addition, this text editor is not intended for the production of complex printing products (magazine atlases, etc.) and for editing high-quality images.
We study the menu of the word processor MS Word
Knowing what a text editor is, you certainly want to know more about its capabilities. You can get a general idea of the functionality of MS Word by reading the main command tabs of the program:
- Home. Contains a set of commands related to setting up paragraphs, styles and choosing fonts.
- Insert. Allows you to embed pages, tables, links, illustrations, headers and footers, headings, symbols and text objects into the document.
- Page layout. Here you can find commands for working with topics, spacing between paragraphs, background images. The same tab contains tools that allow you to configure page settings and the order of elements on it.
- Links. The commands on this tab will be useful to those who already know what a text editor is and are working on creating serious voluminous works (table of contents, bibliographies and citations, index, headings, footnotes, etc.).
- Newsletters. Here are all the features you may need to create, preview and distribute mail.
- Reviewing. Tools for checking documents (thesaurus, spelling, etc.). On the same tab, you will see commands that allow you to share the document with other users for review, add a comment, track and process changes, compare versions, and protect the document.
- View. This tab is responsible for viewing the document in different modes and the ability to view multiple documents.
In the upper left corner you can find the "File" button, which opens the main menu of MS Word, the commands of which allow you to open, save, print documents, as well as learn more about installed version program, about what Microsoft Word text editor is and go to detailed help. In addition, in the "File" menu, you can change the default settings of the program itself (spelling settings, autosave, design themes, etc.).
In fact, now you know a text editor, and you can easily find the commands you need to work.
The operating system not only ensures the smooth operation of all hardware and software tools computer, but also represents a small set standard programs, sufficient to perform many everyday tasks. Standard applications are the same for all computers running in Windows system 9*/2000/XP, which allows you to use them as a teaching aid.
Everyone has to work with text documents. To work with texts use: text editors And word processors .
Text editors are mainly used for entering and editing text. Editing is a process edits text. Wherein appearance text on screen or paper is irrelevant. For example, when preparing messages Email the design does not play a role, therefore it is known in advance with which program this message will be read.
Word processors used in cases where not only the content of the text matters, but also its appearance. The word processor allows
control the appearance of text when it is displayed on the screen or on a printing device. This class of programs is used in the preparation of official documents.
A document created in a word processor contains not only text, but also information about how it should be formatted. This information is contained in invisible codes that do not themselves print either on the screen or on paper, but affect how printing occurs.
Different word processors use different codes to decorate text. In such cases it is said that documents have different formats. Therefore, transferring formatted text documents from one word processor to another is not always possible and not always easy. In cases where such a transfer cannot be done, only the text is transferred, without formatting codes ( transfer with loss of formatting), after which they re-format the text in a new word processor.
Text editors are programs for creating and editing text documents. These are letters, articles, references, stories or novels and other information called a text document, text file or simply text.
Under text editing the whole complex of operations for internal (semantic) and external (decorative) work on the text is understood. Each text can be "cut", i.e., cut out pieces from it, "glue" them, insert parts from other texts into the working material, change their places, etc. You can change the location of the text on the page, the format of lines and paragraphs, insert into illustration text (drawings, graphs, diagrams, etc.).
When describing word processors, two groups should be distinguished software products of this type. The first group is focused on creating documents of varying degrees of complexity with powerful formatting tools and including graphics. A typical representative of this group is Microsoft Word. The second group of word processors (often called text editors) is focused on working with purely text files, among which there may be program texts written in various languages, configuration files, configuration files, etc.
A prominent representative of such software products is MultiEdit. This word processor has a powerful context replacement system, a built-in macro language at the level Visual Basic, means of supporting the internal environment, means of assistance in typing keywords.
There is another separate group of word processors - these are desktop publishing systems. Publishing programs (Desktop Publishing) are somewhat similar to ordinary word processors, but differ from them in a wider range of text processing capabilities. Publishing systems include products such as Adobe PageMaker, Adobe In Design, Quark X Press. True, it should be noted that this difference is gradually being erased, and editors such as Word Perfect or Microsoft Word are already approaching publishing programs. In any case, they are able to provide the typesetting and printing of simple publications.
Usually text editors include the following features:
- - typing;
- - correction of typed text in the usual way, i.e., changing letters, words, etc.;
- - cutting out fragments of text, storing them during the current session, as well as in the form of separate files;
- - inserting fragments in the right place in the text;
- - finding in the text the right words or offers;
- - replacement of words one by one another partially or completely throughout the text;
- - text formatting, i.e. giving it a certain look to the following parameters: text column width, paragraph, margins on both sides, top and bottom margins, line spacing, line edge alignment;
- - automatic pagination of text with a specified number of lines;
- - automatic page numbering;
- - automatic entry subheadings at the bottom or top of the page;
- - selection of a part of the text in bold, italic or underlined font;
- - switching the program to work with another alphabet;
- - tabulation of lines, i.e. the creation of constant intervals for the presentation of text in the form of columns;
- - printout of the text or its separate pieces;
The most advanced editors also have additional features, such as:
- - the ability to see the finished text on the screen, that is, the way it will be printed by the printer;
- - wide choice of fonts;
- - inserting formulas, tables, figures into the text;
- - creation of several text columns on one page;
- - automatic search and correction of grammatical errors;
- - choice pre-made styles and templates.
Text editors
1.Introduction of the concept of a text editor
2. Classification of text editors
3. The principle of the text editor
4.Typical interface structure
Text editors
A text editor is an independent computer program or a component of a software package (for example, an integrated development environment source code editor or an input window in a browser) designed to create and modify text data in general and text files in particular.
Text editors can perform different functions: create text files, edit texts, change the format, view on the screen, and finally print texts on a printer.
The text typed on the computer keyboard is reproduced on the display screen in the working field of the editor. Special icon - the cursor indicates the place on the screen that the user can currently influence (create, change characters, etc.) using the editor. Working with a text editor, you can get on the screen information about the current state of the cursor, i.e. its coordinates on the screen (line number and position in the line), as well as the page number of the text, its format, the font used, etc. Interface, almost every text document has a menu for text processing. Formatting, printing. The menu can have not only text form, but also the form of icons
2. Classification of text editors.
I. Opportunities
1) The quality of a typewriter, a small set of options for working with text.
Norton Editor
Lexicon
The list is in ascending order of possibilities. Editors are implemented on computers such as IBM PC, XT, AT.
2) Publishing quality. Implementation of the WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get principle.
Microsoft Word
Ventura Publishers
Aldus Page Maker
To work with such editors, a PC of at least AT 486 DX with 8 MB of RAM is required.
3) Technical editors -Tex, Latex, etc.
II. By the type of files that text reactors work with
text files
graphic set
There are other options for classifying text editors, such as printed text editors and electronic document editors, etc.
In most cases, the quality of a typewriter is enough to create business documents. Therefore, the Lexicon text editor for MS DOS has become widespread.
Here are the characteristics of some of these text editors:
Lexicon was one of the most popular word processors before the Windows era, during the heyday of MS-DOS. This processor allowed data to be stored in text file with OEM 866 encoding, but it also had features such as
print text on a dot matrix printer;
use text selection in bold, italic and bold italic;
allowed to carry out the simplest formatting when entering text (text alignment, justification, word wrapping, division into pages and their automatic numbering)
Microsoft Word is the most widely used and one of the most powerful text editors.
Basic operations of the MS Word editor for working with documents:
Text input;
Editing the content of the document (making any changes to the text of the document: changing the relative position of individual parts of the document, searching and replacing characters, words and sections of text);
Document content formatting (setting line spacing, left and right indents, text alignment, etc.).
Features of MS Word:
Simultaneous work with several documents;
Checking spelling and grammar;
Automatic document formatting;
Inclusion in documents of tables, figures and mathematical formulas;
Collective work on large documents, etc.
WordPad is included with Windows 2000. It can hardly be considered a full-fledged word processor that satisfies all the needs of users when creating documents. But it prepares to work with complex text Windows editors. The WordPad editor allows you to format the entire text and individual paragraphs of documents: change fonts, indents, borders, etc. WordPad works with OLE objects, so graphics and even sound and video clips are available to documents created in it.
The WordPad editor opens files created in the Write program (with the .WRI extension). Write is a simple word processor designed for Windows versions 3.x. In the past, many software applications used the Write format to maintain documentation, license information, and the latest readme files. Although the latest version of the Write system is no longer available, its files are still available in Windows 2000. Documents created in the Write editor can be read in WordPad. In addition, WordPad works with documents and saves them in five other formats: Word 6.0, Rich Text Format (RTF), Text, MS-DOS Text, and Unicod Text. The Word 6.0 format, which all recent versions of the Microsoft Word word processor, as well as many other widely used editors, can work with, is by default the format of the WordPad program.
b) Notepad
Windows 2000 also comes with a simple editor for early versions of the Notepad system. The Notepad program, unlike WordPad, practically does not allow you to format documents, for example, you can select a font for work, but you cannot
TeX is a system for producing typographically-quality documents, with a particular strength in its set of mathematical formulas. TeX is conveniently considered as a special programming language in PDF format, or PostScript3.
How a text editor works.
The principle of operation of middle-class editors and powerful editors is similar to the principle of programming systems.
A text editor provides the user with a text box for entering text and a set of commands for formatting it.
The first step in creating a text document is typing. After the text is entered, you can start formatting it. When designing a document, the user applies formatting commands to individual parts of the text. By processing these commands, the text editor changes the external representation of the formatted text and inserts formatting elements into the text of the document, which, when re-reading the document, will enable it to unambiguously interpret them.
At the end of text formatting, the necessary external objects are inserted into the document and formatted.
It is important to note here that there are two different methods for inserting external objects.
In the first case, the text editor inserts a link to an external object and its formatting elements. Accordingly, this requires the permanent presence of the object at the specified address. For example, we insert into the document the picture which is in the image.gif file. When moving, deleting or renaming given file instead of the required picture, the text editor will display an error diagnosis or a low-quality image (preview). Therefore, such actions with this approach are unacceptable. However, the convenience of this approach lies in the independence of the external object from the text editor. We can process an external object without launching a text editor, and all changes made to the object will be reflected in the text document. In addition, the volume of a text document becomes smaller, which is important for computers with a small amount of RAM.
In the second case, the external object is completely placed in the document, which increases its volume, but makes it independent of the file from which this object was taken. With this approach, not a link to a file is written to a text document, but a command to insert an external object and the codes of this object.
Thus, a text document contains the actual text, elements of its formatting; links to external objects or commands for inserting objects and codes of these objects; formatting elements of inserted objects.
When reading a file containing a text document, the text editor reads the text and its formatting elements, commands for inserting external objects and their formatting, interprets these elements and commands (that is, applies formatting commands to the text and external objects, and displays (or other external device) formatted text and external objects.
In addition to text design tools, text editors often provide additional utilities that make it easier to work with a document: search and replace tools; spell check, punctuation; means of working with the clipboard; help system for the program; automation tools (writing scripts or macros), etc.
Thus, a powerful text editor consists of a text box for entering text, a library of formatting elements, an interpreter of these elements, a number of auxiliary programs for creating and formatting external objects, and a set of utilities that make it easier to work with a document.
The set of formatting elements is purely individual for each text editor. That is, the interpreter of one text editor cannot understand and correctly process the elements of another text editor. However, the need to read documents created in another text editor still exists. To solve this problem, powerful editors and editors of the middle class provide a set of converters that translate elements of another text editor into commands of this one.
4. Typical structure of the interface.
The menu bar contains the names of groups of commands grouped by function. The menu bar is at the top of the screen. Selecting a mode from the menu bar opens the corresponding submenu, and selecting a particular option from it provides access to the lower level menu. Such a system of nested (drop-down) menus forms the basis of the word processor interface. Menu commands are selected using the mouse, cursor keys, or combinations of pressing certain keys ("hot keys").
The status line (status) contains the name of the document being edited and determines the current position of the cursor in this document. Help information is displayed in the line.
The hint line contains information about the user's possible actions at the current moment.
The working area is the space on the display screen for creating and working with a document. The maximum size of the working field is determined by the standard settings of the monitor and is 25 lines of 80 characters each.
The coordinate ruler defines document boundaries and tab stops. There are vertical and horizontal rulers. By default, the coordinate ruler is graduated in centimeters. The zero point of the coordinate ruler is aligned with the first paragraph of the text.
The scroll bar is used to move the text of the document in the working field of the window. The ruler that moves the text vertically is called the vertical scroll bar, and the horizontal scroll bar is called the horizontal scroll bar.
Cursor - a short, usually blinking line, shows the position of the working field, in which the input character or text element will be placed. In text mode, the cursor is horizontal, located at the bottom of the character space it points to. In graphics mode, vertical, located to the left of the insertion point of the next character. Each word processor has its own capabilities for providing cursor movement (as well as interface control in general). The interface is controlled using the keyboard and mouse.
In keyboard interface control mode, the four cursor keys move the cursor one position in the direction of the arrow. Keys
Often, modern word processors, using various combinations of function and regular keys, make it possible to move the cursor one word, sentence or paragraph, direct it to the beginning or end of a line.
In mouse mode, moving around the document is done by clicking on the corresponding arrow on the scroll bars or by clicking on the scroll bar itself, as well as by dragging the slider over the scroll bar with the mouse.
Indicators are signs or symbols that reflect the corresponding modes of operation of a program or computer. Indicators in the status bar are symbols or service (key) words that reflect the modes of operation of the program. The indicators on the keyboard reflect the mode of operation of the keyboard switches, there are three of them: NumLock, CapsLock, ScrollLock.
A switch is an element of the on-screen interface or a command used to enable or disable a particular mode. An indicator can also turn into a switch if you click on it.
5. Basic functions of a text editor.
As an example, we can take perhaps the most common text editor, Microsoft Word.
Microsoft Word allows you to enter, edit, format and format text and correctly place it on the page. With this program, you can insert graphics, tables and charts into your document, as well as automatically correct spelling and grammatical errors. The Word text editor has many other features that make it much easier to create and edit documents. Most commonly used functions:
Typing;
Cutting out pieces of text, storing them during the current session, as well as in the form of separate files;
Inserting pieces at the right place in the text;
Replacement of words one by another partially or completely throughout the text;
Finding the right words or sentences in the text;
Text formatting, i.e. giving it a certain look according to the following parameters: text column width, paragraph, margins on both sides, top and bottom margins, line spacing, line edge alignment;
Automatic pagination of text with a specified number of lines;
Automatic page numbering;
Automatic entry of subheadings at the bottom or top of the page;
Making part of the text bold, italic or underlined;
Switching the program to work with a different alphabet;
Line tabulation, i.e. creating constant spacing for presenting text in columns;
When you enter text, you rest on the end of a line, Word automatically jumps to the next line;
If a typo is made while entering text, the auto-correction function automatically corrects it. And the automatic spell check feature underlines misspelled words with a red wavy line to make them easier to see and correct;
If you use hyphens to highlight list items, use fractions, a trademark sign, or other special characters, the autoformatting feature will correct them;
Ability to insert formulas, tables, figures into the text;
Ability to create multiple text columns on one page;
Choice of ready-made styles and templates;
You can, of course, use the tab stop to present text in the form of a table, but Microsoft Word offers much more efficient means. And if the table contains numerical data, then it is easy to turn them into a chart;
Preview mode allows you to see the document in the form in which it will be printed. In addition, it makes it possible to display all pages at once, which is convenient for making changes before printing. The program also offers a number of features that save time and effort. Among them:
AutoText - for storing and inserting frequently used words, phrases or graphics;
Styles - for storing and setting entire sets of formats at once;
Merging - for creating serial letters, printing envelopes and labels;
Macros - to execute a sequence of frequently used commands;
- “wizards” - for creating professionally designed documents.
Special features of text editors:
1) text editing
Working with a piece of text
Selection
Removal
Buffer write
copying
Recording in the form separate file etc.
text alignment
Edge (right, left, width)
Centered
By width
word auto-hyphenation
Whole
according to the transfer rules
column organization
2) creation backups at regular intervals
3) working with tables
markup
Removing and adding columns and rows
alignment of text in cells
· framing
4) refusal recent actions and denial
5) operations on drawings
insertion into text
scaling and stretching along the axes
text wrapping around the picture, etc.
6) pagination
automatic, by setting the number of lines per page
hard, forced
pagination (top, bottom)
7) use of document templates
8) using a set of fonts
true type (ttf) - proportional fonts
fonts with arbitrarily resizable
· various ways font selection - underline, italics, etc.
9) contextual search and replacement of a given sequence of words in the text
10) spell checker using built-in dictionary
11) hint of synonyms and antonyms
12) grammar check - analysis of the sentence as a whole
13) construction of tables of contents, indexes, footnotes
14) set complex formulas(mathematical, physical)
15) the use of information from the DBMS and ET in the text.
Bibliography:
http://www.examens.ru
Computer science. Part 2: Guidelines for laboratory work / RGRTA; comp. N.I. Iopa. Ryazan, 2002. 56 p.
Topic: "Text editors".
Lesson Objectives:
Help students gain an understanding of text editors
Upbringing information culture students, attentiveness, accuracy, discipline, perseverance.
Development of cognitive interests.
Lesson type: Learning new material.
Requirements for the knowledge and skills of students: After this lesson, students should know what a text editor, word processor, structural units of text, and text editor environment are.
Equipment:
board, computer, multimedia projector, presentation.
Literature
Semakin I.G. Teaching a basic course of computer science in high school: Toolkit/ I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Shein. - 3rd ed., Rev. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. - 416 p.
Semakin I.G. Informatics and ICT. Basic course: Textbook for grade 8 / I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Shein. - 2nd ed., - M .: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. - 176 p.
Issues under study:
what is text editor and text editor CPU;
structural units of the text;
text editor environment.
Lesson plan:
Organizational moment (2 min).
Checking homework (5 min).
Learning new material (25 min).
Consolidation of the studied material (10 min).
Summarizing. Homework(3 min).
During the classes:
1. Org. moment.
Greeting students, checking the readiness of the room for the lesson, checking absentees.
2. Checking homework.
What are the advantages of storing texts in files compared to paper storage?(the ability to edit, quickly copy to other media; the ability to transfer text via computer communication lines)
What is hypertext?(this is a text organized in such a way that it can be viewed in a sequence of semantic connections between its individual fragments)
What is the power of the alphabet used in computers to represent texts?(256 characters)
What is an encoding table?(this is a table in which each character of the alphabet is assigned a serial number and an eight-bit binary code)
What is the name of the international character encoding table?( ASCII)
In what number system are the codes in this encoding table?(binary number system)
Using table 3.1 of the textbook, encode your initials.
3. Learning new material.
What is a text editor and text CPU.
To work with text documents, there are application programs called text editors.So write down the definition:Text editor ( TP ) - This application program, allowing you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, print the document.
What are these editors for? (they allow you to create text documents and edit them).
In relation to text editors with a wide range of text formatting, including graphics, and spell checking, the name “word processor” (TP) is often used.
There are many TRs, from the simplest training systems to powerful publishing systems.
Simple text editors (eg. standard application Windows Notepad) allow you to edit text, as well as perform simple font formatting.
More advanced text editors (for example, Microsoft Word and StarOffice Writer), sometimes called word processors, have a wide range of document creation capabilities (inserting lists and tables, spell checkers, saving corrections, etc.).
To prepare for the publication of books, magazines and newspapers in the process of layout of the publication are used powerful programs word processing - desktop publishing systems (for example, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Office Publisher).
Specialized applications (such as Microsoft FrontPage) are used to prepare Web pages and Web sites for publication on the Internet.
Let's get acquainted with the basic concepts related to TR and its capabilities.
Structural units of the text.
The data that text editors work with is character information. The smallest element of text is one character. Words are character sequences separated from each other by spaces or punctuation marks. The structural units of the text are also: word, line, paragraph, page, section, symbol. Existcertain techniques (commands) for working with each of these units, they will be considered by us in the next paragraph.
Text editor environment.
The text typed by the user on the keyboard is displayed in the working field of the editor on the screen. The place of impact on the working field is marked with a cursor. The cursor is either a dash or a rectangle.
Often text is larger than what will fit on the screen. In this case, only part of the text is located within the working field. The screen is a kind of window through which you can view the text. To move this window through the text, special keys or a manipulator are used.
Most text editors have on-screen information about their current state - the status bar. As a rule, it contains the cursor coordinates (current line number and position in the line), page number, text format, current font, and some other information.
For anyoneTPcharacteristic is the presence on the screen of a menu of editor control commands. These are commands for changing operating modes, file operations, printing, text formatting,help requests and others. The menu can have both text and pictographic form.
4. Consolidation of the studied material
Read the paragraph and write down the main definitions in your notebook, then answer the questions.
What is a text editor? (text editor - is an application program that allows you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, print the document)
What is a text editor for?(text editor allows you to create text documents and edit them)
What is the name of the smallest element of text?(symbol)
What is a sequence of characters between two spaces or punctuation marks called?(word)
5. Summing up. Homework
Summing up the lesson: So our lesson came to an end today you learned what a text editor, word processor, text structural units are and got acquainted with the text editor environment.
Grading. Homework: § 14. Know what text editors and processors are, the main structural units of the text.
Optional task: find out what text editors you have at home.
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